Indigenous peoples of the Americas have a historically high frequency of blood type O, with some communities showing nearly universal O type blood, such as the Navajo and Quechua. This genetic trait is linked to an Ancestral Informative Marker (AIM) related to the G542A mutation, which emerged in Beringia during the migration into the Americas from Asia. Scientists continue to study why this genetic uniformity exists, exploring theories about founder effects, adaptation to diseases like malaria, and unique evolutionary histories.

High Frequency of Type O Blood

Near Universal Presence:Type O blood is a defining feature of many Indigenous populations in the Americas.
Examples:Studies have found nearly 100% Type O blood in certain Quechua communities in Peru, while other groups like the Navajo in Arizona and the Yanomami in the Amazon have very high frequencies (99% and 92% respectively).
Genetic Origins
Beringian Migration:The O blood type gene, specifically the O1V542 allele, is thought to have been selected in the Native American ancestral population during their migration from Asia through Beringia.
Ancestral Informative Marker (AIM):The G542A mutation, found in the ABO gene, is a unique marker in Native American populations and helps trace their genetic origins.

Scientific Theories and Research

Founder Effect:A single founding population could have carried this blood type, leading to its high frequency through genetic drift and isolation.
Disease Resistance:Type O blood is associated with resistance to severe malaria, suggesting a possible evolutionary advantage against this ancient disease in the Americas.
Continued Study:Research continues to investigate the biological and historical reasons behind this genetic uniformity, which offers insights into the peopling of the Americas and human evolution.

Because group O blood can be received by anyone in a blood transfusion, it was originally thought that this was the ancestral blood type, but more recent work suggests that there are several different mutations that can deactivate the A or B genes to turn them into O. This makes a firm evolutionary timeline much harder to establish and there are several competing theories that contradict each other.

What they agree on is that AB is the most recent and didn’t occur until the 16th Century when group A populations from Europe and group B populations from Asia began to mix. The other blood groups are tens of thousands of years old with B being more recent than A. The oldest group is either group A or one of the forms of group O.

https://www.sciencefocus.com/the-human-body/which-human-blood-group-evolved-first

TYPE O -BLOOD TYPE PROPERTIES

Type O blood lacks A and B antigens, with O-positive being the most common overall type and O-negative being the universal blood donor for emergencies, as its red blood cells can be given to any patient regardless of their blood type. O-positive blood is also in high demand because it can be given to the majority of the population (those with a positive blood type).

Characteristics of Type O Blood

Antigens: Type O red blood cells do not have the A or B antigens on their surface.

Rh Factor:

O-positive: Has the Rh factor present on the red blood cells, making it a positive blood type.

O-negative: Lacks the Rh factor, making it a negative blood type.

Importance of Type O Blood

Universal Donor (O-negative):O-negative blood is crucial for emergency situations when a patient’s blood type is unknown, as it can be given to anyone.
High Demand:Both O-positive and O-negative blood types are in high demand.
- O-positive: It is the most common blood type in the population and can be transfused to any patient with a positive blood type (A+, B+, AB+, O+).
- O-negative: It is in constant demand for critical care, emergency resuscitation, and for immune-deficient newborns.

Who can receive O blood?

O-negative recipients: can only receive blood from O-negative donor;

O-positive recipients: can receive blood from O-positive or O-negative donors.

How Blood Type Is Determined And Why You Need To Know – Red Cross – US

Blood types are determined by the presence or absence of certain antigens – substances that can trigger an immune response if they are foreign to the body. Since some antigens can trigger a patient’s immune system to attack the transfused blood, safe blood transfusions depend on careful blood typing and cross-matching. Do you know what blood type is safe for you if you need a transfusion?

There are four major blood groups determined by the presence or absence of two antigens, A and B, on the surface of red blood cells. In addition to the A and B antigens, there is a protein called the Rh factor, which can be either present (+) or absent (–), creating the 8 most common blood types (A+, A-, B+, B-, O+, O-, AB+, AB-).

What Is A Universal Blood Donor?

Universal donors are those with an O negative blood type. Why? O negative blood can be used in transfusions for any blood type.

Type O is routinely in short supply and in high demand by hospitals – both because it is the most common blood type and because type O negative blood is the universal blood type needed for emergency transfusions and for immune deficient infants.

Approximately 45 percent of Caucasians are type O (positive or negative), but 51 percent of African-Americans and 57 percent of Hispanics are type O. Minority and diverse populations, therefore, play a critical role in meeting the constant need for blood.

Types O negative and O positive are in high demand. Only 7% of the population are O negative. However, the need for O negative blood is the highest because it is used most often during emergencies. The need for O+ is high because it is the most frequently occurring blood type (37% of the population).

The universal red cell donor has Type O negative blood. The universal plasma donor has Type AB blood. For more about plasma donation, visit the plasma donation facts.

Nearly 16 million blood components are transfused each year in the U.S.”

https://www.redcrossblood.org/donate-blood/blood-types.html

#TypeO Blood, #Blood Types, #Native, #Disease, #Resistance, #Blood Types, #Blood Donations;

Mostly a Diseased Heart (Non compassionate, “dead” heart not remebering their Lord, not caring for others, and bad unhealthy lifestyle;

Miqdam bin Madikarib said: “I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: ‘A human being fills no worse vessel than his stomach. It is sufficient for a human being to eat a few mouthfuls to keep his spine straight. But if he must (fill it), then one third of food, one third for drink and one third for air.’”

A healthy heart can bring incredible benefits. These include enhancing longevity, preserving lifestyles, decreasing depression, and diminishing the risk of dementia in later years.

The CDC states that in the United States, one in five deaths are linked to heart disease. Coronary heart disease is the most common cause. Currently 805,000 heart attacks strike Americans annually, and among those, one in five are silent.

Changing your lifestyle can prevent and reverse certain types of heart disease. Below are five common risk factors associated to heart disease:

* High Blood Pressure

High blood pressure can be caused or worsened by an unhealthy lifestyle. Poor exercise habits with a lack of physical activity, as well as diets high in salt, fat, and cholesterol are important factors in the development of high blood pressure, also known as hypertension. High blood pressure is a sign that the blood is exerting too much pressure on arterial walls, leading to strain and damage. This damage can present as inflammation, plaque accumulation, and hardening of the arteries. As a result, the heart must work harder to compensate and provide circulation to the body.

Hypertension is a leading cause of heart disease and stroke and often seen more prominently in families with a history of cardiovascular disease.

* High Low- density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol

Cholesterol is a waxy compound used to build healthy cells. It is a necessary component of our cells. However, high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol elevate cardiovascular risk. Excessive LDL levels in the bloodstream can cause fatty deposits to form in arteries that can impede the flow of blood. If these deposits break, it may cause a heart attack or stroke.

Diabetes

Diabetes is when the pancreas is not producing enough insulin to regulate blood sugar levels, leading to sugar build up in the bloodstream. Unregulated blood sugar levels can damage blood vessels and increase the risk of strokes and heart attacks.

Compared to people who do not have diabetes, adults with diabetes are twice as likely to have heart disease or a stroke. According to the Mayo Clinic, more than two in three people with diabetes have high blood pressure.

Smoking and Secondhand Smoke Exposure

Smoking is another major cause of heart disease and causes one out of every four deaths from heart disease, according to the 2014 Surgeon General’s Report on smoking and health. Smoking raises triglycerides and lowers high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, also known as good cholesterol. Smoking can cause the blood to become sticky and damage cells that line the blood vessels. This injury to the blood vessels increases the buildup of plaque and blood clots in blood vessels.

* Physical Inactivity & Unhealthy Diet

Inactivity and diets high in saturated fats, trans fats, salt, and cholesterol can cause fatty deposits to build up in the arteries, leading to high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity.

Not only does physical inactivity and an unhealthy diet cause heart disease, but both can also contribute to one’s likelihood of developing other heart disease risk factors.

Small changes to your lifestyle can bring huge rewards. Physicians at SouthCoast Health are eager to assist you in creating a personalized plan to help you achieve your health goals.

https://www.southcoasthealth.com/posts/view/402-what-causes-heart-disease

DIET IN ISLAM

“O you who believe! Fasting has been prescribed for you as it had been prescribed for those (communities) who came before you. So that you may exercise taqwa.” (2:183)

“Taqwa” can be translated as piety, as guarding oneself (against displeasing God) or God-consciousness. It is a spiritual power by which a person refrains from doing things that will displease Allah – and this thought or feeling is based on the love that a person has for Allah.

Narrated `Abdullah bin `Amr: Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said to me, “The most beloved fasting to Allah was the fasting of (the Prophet) David who used to fast on alternate days. And the most beloved prayer to Allah was the prayer of David who used to sleep for (the first) half of the night and pray for 1/3 of it and (again) sleep for a sixth of it.” – Sahid Al Bukhari3420, Book 60- haidth 92;

Extravagance is blameworthy in eating and other things. Allah says (interpretation of the meaning):

“And eat and drink but waste not by extravagance, certainly He (Allâh) likes not Al-Musrifûn (those who waste by extravagance).” [Al-A`raf 7:31]

“And waste not by extravagance. Verily, He likes not Al-Musrifûn (those who waste by extravagance).” [Al-An`am 6:141]

“And let not your hand be tied (like a miser) to your neck, nor stretch it forth to its utmost reach (like a spendthrift), so that you become blameworthy and in severe poverty.” [Al-Isra’ 17:29]

“And give to the kinsman his due and to the Miskîn (poor) and to the wayfarer. But spend not wastefully (your wealth) in the manner of a spendthrift. Verily, spendthrifts are brothers of the devils, and the satan is ever ungrateful to his Lord.” [Al-Isra’ 17:26-27]

The difference between extravagance and wasteful spending is that extravagance means spending on something appropriate in an excessive manner, whereas wasteful spending means spending on something that is not appropriate. This was stated by Al-Munawi in Fayd Al-Qadir, 1/50

#Heart #Disease #Causes #Diet #Islam