Surah Baqarah 136 – Say, ˹O believers,˺ “We believe in Allah and what has been revealed to us; and what was revealed to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and his descendants; and what was given to Moses, Jesus, and other prophets from their Lord. We make no distinction between any of them. And to Allah we all submit.”
“We have sent you with the Truth as a bearer of good news and warning– every community has been sent a warner.” (Qur’an 35:24) (News of Paradise for the Believers and HellFire for the Disbelievers);
All prophets in Islam came with the message of Tawhid (Oneness of God – wroshipping God Alone). It was only a difference in the Shariah (commandments and laws) of each Divine religion that set it apart from the others. It should be noted that all prophets propagated the same message of Islam throughout all ages, Tawhid, which is the core of all Divine religions. Allah Almighty mentions in the Qur’an:
“We sent a messenger to every community, saying, ‘Worship God and shun false gods.’”(Qur’an 16:36)
“We have sent revelation to you [Prophet] as We did to Noah and the prophets after him, to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and the Tribes, to Jesus, Job, Jonah, Aaron, and Solomon- to David We gave the book [of Psalms]- to other messengers We have already mentioned to you, and also to some We have not. To Moses God spoke directly.” (Qur’an 4:163-164)
79 –So woe to those who write the “scripture” with their own hands, then say, “This is from Allah,” in order to exchange it for a small price. Woe to them for what their hands have written and woe to them for what they earn.
77. Do they not know that God knows what they conceal and what they reveal? 78. And among them are uneducated who know the Scripture only through hearsay, and they only speculate.
79. So woe to those who write the Scripture with their own hands, and then say, “This is from God,” that they may exchange it for a little price. Woe to them for what their hands have written, and woe to them for what they earn.
80. And they say, “The Fire will not touch us except for a number of days.” Say, “Have you received a promise from God—God never breaks His promise—or are you saying about God what you do not know?”
(2:78) Among them are also the unlettered folk who do not know about the Scriptures but cherish baseless wishes and merely follow their conjectures.[89]
89. This was the state of the Jewish masses. They were ignorant of the Scriptures, unaware of the principles of faith as enunciated by God in His Book, unaware of the rules of conduct that He had laid down, and of the teachings which are of fundamental importance for man’s salvation. Because they lacked this knowledge, they fabricated a whole religion out of their desires and fancies, living in a paradise built on false hopes and illusions.
Ala-Maududi
(2:79) Woe, then, to those who write out the Scriptures with their own hands and then, in order to make a trifling gain, claim: “This is from Allah.”[90] Woe to them for what their hands have written and woe to them for what they thus earn.
90. These observations relate to their rabbis. They were not content with misinterpreting the Word of God. They also interjected into it their readings of the Scriptures and their explanatory comments thereof, stories from their national history, superstitious ideas and fancies, philosophical doctrines and legal rules. The result was that the Divine and the human became inextricably mixed. They claimed, nevertheless, that the entire thing was divine! Every historical anecdote, the interpretation of every commentator, the doctrine of every theologian, and the legal deduction of every jurist that managed to find its way into the Bible became the ‘Word of God’. It was thus obligatory to believe in all that, and every deviation from it became tantamount to deviation from the true faith.
Ala-Maududi
(2:80) They say: “The Fire will certainly not touch us except for a limited number of days.”[91] Say (to them): “Have you received a promise from Allah – for Allah never breaks His promise – or do you attribute to Allah something about which you have no knowledge?”
91. This is a misconception entertained by all Jews, laymen as well as rabbis. They felt sure that no matter what they did, they would remain immune from hell-fire just by virtue of being Jews! The worst they could conceive of was the possibility of a transient punishment before they were transported to heaven.
#Chaging the Torah; #Quran Kareem, #Corruption of the Scholars/ Rabbis;
93. And We made a covenant with you, and raised the Mount above you: “Take what We have given you firmly, and listen.” They said, “We hear and disobey.” And their hearts became filled with the love of the calf because of their disbelief. Say, “Wretched is what your faith commands you to do, if you are believers.”
94. Say, “If the Final Home with God is yours alone, to the exclusion of all other people, then wish for death if you are sincere.”
95. But they will never wish for it, because of what their hands have forwarded. God is aware of the evildoers.
96. You will find them, of all mankind, the most eager for life, even more than the polytheists. Every one of them wishes he could live a thousand years; but to be granted a long life will not nudge him from the punishment. God is Seeing of what they do.
97. Say, “Whoever is hostile to Gabriel—it is he who revealed it to your heart by God’s leave, confirming what preceded it, and guidance and good news for the believers.”
98. Whoever is hostile to God, and His angels, and His messengers, and Gabriel, and Michael—God is hostile to the faithless.
99. We have revealed to you clear signs, and none rejects them except the sinners.
#Jews; #Eager/ Love of the Dunia/ Temporary Life; #Quran Kareem; #Life of 1,000 years;
SUMMARY: People drank alcohol before it was prohibited and were killed as martyrs on the same day.
Narrated Jabir: Some people drank alcoholic beverages in the morning (of the day) of the Uhud battle and on the same day they were killed as martyrs, and that was before wine was prohibited.
This hadith is about a group of people who drank alcohol in the morning of the Battle of Uhud, before it was prohibited. They were then killed as martyrs on that same day. This hadith teaches us that even though drinking alcohol was not yet prohibited, it still led to their death and they were still considered martyrs. It also shows us that even if something is not explicitly forbidden, we should still be careful with our actions and think about how they will affect us in the long run. We should also strive to do good deeds so that we can be rewarded for them in this life or the hereafter.
The Gate of Ludd (Bab al-Ludd) is traditionally identified with the outskirts of the ancient city of Lod (or Lydda), located about 15 km southeast of Tel Aviv in modern-day Israel, near Ben Gurion Airport. In Islamic eschatology, this is prophesied as the site where Nabi Eesa/Jesus Christ (Isa) will defeat the Antichrist (Dajjal);
Nawwas bin Sam’an Al-Kilabi said: “The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) mentioned Dajjal, one morning, as something despised but also alarming, until we thought that he was in the stand of date-palm trees. When we came to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) in the evening, he saw that (fear) in us, and said: ‘What is the matter with you?’ We said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, you mentioned Dajjal (AntiChrist) this morning, and you spoke of him as something despised but also alarming, until we thought that he was in the stand of date-palm trees.’ He said: ‘There are things that I fear more for you than the Dajjal. If he appears while I am among you, I will contend with him on your behalf, and if he appears when I am not among you, then each man must fend for himself, and Allah will take care of every Muslim on my behalf. He (Dajjal) will be a young man with curly hair and a protuberant eye; I liken him to ‘Abdul-‘Uzza bin Qatan. Whoever among you sees him, let him recite the first Verses of Surat Al-Kahf over him. He will emerge from Khallah, between Sham and Iraq, and will wreak havoc right and left. O slaves of Allah, remain steadfast.’ We said:‘O Messenger of Allah, how long will he stay on earth?’ He said: ‘Forty days, one day like a year, one day like a month, one day like a week, and the rest of his days like your days.’ We said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, on that day which is like a year, will the prayers of one day suffice us?’ He said: ‘Make an estimate of time (and then observe prayer).’ We said: ‘How fast will he move through the earth?’ He said: ‘Like a rain cloud driving by the wind.’ He said: ‘He will come to some people and call them, and they will respond and believe in him. Then he will command the sky to rain and it will rain, and he will command the earth to produce vegetation and it will do so, and their flocks will come back in the evening with their humps taller, their udders fuller and their flanks fatter than they have ever been. Then he will come to some (other) people and call them, and they will reject him, so he will turn away from them and they will suffer drought and be left with nothing. Then he will pass through the wasteland and will say: “Bring forth your treasures,” then go away, and its treasures will follow him like a swarm of bees. Then he will call a man brimming with youth and will strike him with a sword and cut him in two. He will put the two pieces as far apart as the distance between an archer and his target. Then he will call him and he will come with his face shining, laughing. While they are like that, Allah will send ‘Eisa bin Maryam (Jesus Christ), who will come down at the white minaret in the east of Damascus, wearing two Mahrud[garment dyed with Wars and then Saffron], resting his hands on the wings of two angels. When he lowers his head, beads of perspiration will fall from it. Every disbeliever who smells the fragrance of his breath will die, and his breath will reach as far as his eye can see. Then he will set out and catch up with him (the Dajjal) at the gate of Ludd, and will kill him. Then the Prophet of Allah ‘Eisa will come to some people whom Allah has protected, and he will wipe their faces and tell them of their status in Paradise. While they are like that, Allah will reveal to him: “O ‘Eisa, I have brought forth some of My slaves whom no one will be able to kill, so take My slaves to Tur in safety.” Then Gog and Magog will emerge and they will, as Allah describes, “swoop down from every mound.”[21:96] The first of them will pass by lake Tiberias and drink from it, then the last of them will pass by it and will say: “There was water here once.” The Prophet of Allah, ‘Eisa and his companions will be besieged there until the head of an ox would be dearer to any one of them than one hundred Dinar are to any one of you today. Then, the Prophet of Allah, ‘Eisa and his companions will supplicate Allah. Then Allah will send a worm in their necks and the next morning they will all die as one. The Prophet of Allah ‘Eisa and his companions will come down and they will not find even the space of a hand span that is free of their stink, stench and blood. They will pray to Allah, and He will send birds with necks like the necks of Bactrian camels, which will pick them up and throw them wherever Allah wills. Then Allah will send rain which will not leave any house of clay or hair, and it will wash the earth until it leaves it like a mirror (or a smooth rock). Then it will be said to the earth: “Bring forth your fruits and bring back your blessing.” On that day a group of people will eat from a (single) pomegranate and it will suffice them, and they will seek shelter beneath its skin. Allah will bless a milch- camel so that it will be sufficient for a large number of people, and a milch-cow will be sufficient for a whole tribe and a milch-ewe will be sufficient for a whole clan. While they are like that, Allah will send a pleasant wind which will seize them beneath their armpits and will take the soul of every Muslim, leaving the rest of the people fornicating like donkeys, and upon them will come the Hour.'”
Native people of Canada – or First Nations people – represent 5 percent of Canadian people (with different rates within different provinces)- with a rate of population growth; however – what exactly happened with the other 95 percent?!Excluding the Land possession – Doesn’t this sound like Genocide to anyone with a brain the size of a mustard grain?!
According to the 2021 Census, there were 1.8 million Indigenous people, representing 5.0% of the total Canadian population, up from 4.9% in 2016.
National Indigenous History Month and National Indigenous Peoples Day are opportunities to learn more about the unique cultures, traditions and experiences of First Nations people, Métis, and Inuit. This is also a time to honour the history, achievements, and resilience of Indigenous peoples, who have been living on this land since time immemorial and whose presence continues to impact the evolution of the country. Using 2021 Census of Population data, let’s shed some light on these populations (https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/genocide-and-indigenous-peoples-in-canada)
Forced Living in Reserves without the Right to Leave – Historical Facts
From 1885 into the 1940s, a pass system controlled Indigenous people’s movement, requiring those living on reserve to get written permission from an “Indian agent” (government officials) when needed to leave their community.
Reserves Today
Reserves are still vital land bases for Indigenous people across Canada, which continue to be classified as federal land but as self-governed by Indigenous people of their community.
Some reserves have the most concerning conditions in Canada, such as isolated communities with high poverty rates, substance addiction, suicide, unemployment, and mortality.
It is widely acknowledged that the cultural genocide and social disruption over generations by displacements, discriminatory legislation, and political neglect results in long-term hardships and hinder the re-establishment of social networks and stable communities.
According to the 2021 Census, there were 1.8 million Indigenous people, representing 5.0% of the total Canadian population, up from 4.9% in 2016.
However, this growth was not as fast as in previous years. For example, from 2011 to 2016, the Indigenous population grew by 18.9%, more than double the 2021 growth rate.
For the first time, the Census enumerated more than 1 million (1,048,405) First Nations people living in Canada.
The Language Issues:
English and French are the two “Offiicial” languages of Canada, enjoying equal status, rights, and privileges in all federal government institutions, parliament, and courts. Established by the Official Languages Act (1969) and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms (1982), this policy guarantees Canadians the right to receive federal services in either language
Isn’t it Strange that No Native Languages are official Languages – also Colonization Effect – and again every person may speak their Language – and I guess we use English for convenience; but then again technically speaking Canada should have a goverment language – which may happen to be English – due to colonization – and no official language as technically speaking – Canada and US have majority immigrant populations – so the majority of populations in major urban centers speak a Different language at home.
#Canada ; #genocide; #history; #Colonization; #boiling water advisories; #sucide rates; #poverty; #forced Sterilizations, #Language Issues and #History;
Why Quran is the Word of God – Last Revelation on Monotheism
The Word Bible – comes from the Greek Word “Biblos”
biblos (βίβλος) means “book,” “scroll,” or specifically the inner bark of the papyrus plant used to make writing materials. Derived from the Phoenician city of Byblos (a major papyrus exporter), it is the root for words like “bible,” “bibliography,” and “bibliophile; it is basically a Collection of Manuscripts written by Scholars/ Scribes- mostly from Greek and Latin Texts – while most of the Prophets spoke Hebrew and Aramaic
A (Church) History of Burning the Bible Manuscripts
Based on the historical evidence, the claim that Constantine burned scriptures or ordered the destruction of “non-canonical” books is false; this action was carried out by his predecessor, Diocletian, during the “Great Persecution” (303–313 AD).
Here is the breakdown of the historical facts regarding Constantine and the scriptures:
Diocletian, Not Constantine, Burned Scriptures: The Emperor Diocletian launched a massive effort in 303 AD to destroy Christian sacred texts and burn churches.
Constantine Ordered Copies, Not Destruction: Upon converting, Constantine actually financed the production of new copies of the Scriptures. He tasked Eusebius of Caesarea with producing 50 copies of the Bible for the churches in Constantinople to replace those destroyed in the earlier persecution.
No Role in Canonization: Constantine did not select the books of the Bible at the Council of Nicaea (325 AD). The canon was largely established by the church before his reign and finalized by later councils in the late 4th century. ( and here again church authorities decided which Testaments to include or Not to include in the recognized version of the Bible);
Other accounts, letters, and revelations—e.g., the Didachē (Teaching of the Twelve Apostles), Gospel of Peter, First Letter of Clement, Letter of Barnabas, Apocalypse (Revelation) of Peter, Shepherd of Hermas—exist, but through a complex process the canon was fixed for both the Eastern and Western churches in the 4th century. The canon contained four Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John), Acts, 21 letters, and one book of a strictly revelatory character, Revelation. These were not necessarily the oldest writings, not all equally revelatory, and not all directed to the church at large. (https://www.britannica.com/topic/biblical-literature/New-Testament-canon-texts-and-versions)
Targeted “Heretical” Writings: While he did not burn the New Testament, Constantine did order the destruction of books written by heretical groups, such as the Arians, to force religious conformity, but this was a separate, targeted action
Arianism, during the time of Emperor Constantine (early 4th century), was a Christological doctrine proposing that Jesus Christ was created by God the Father and was therefore not co-eternal or of the same substance as God. It was proposed by Arius, a presbyter from Alexandria, and became a major theological controversy that threatened the unity of the Roman Empire, prompting Constantine to convene the Council of Nicaea in 325 AD (it meant basically that God/ “Father” is the Creator – and Jesus was Created by God and a Prophet – not of the same substance as God (means no “trinity”/ church introduced idolatry; majority of Christians/ believers at the time Did not believe in “trinity” – but were thereatened by death under Constantine and the church if they publicly decleared God is One (no partners and no son- pure monotheism)- God is One with No Partners)
Roman Empire (303 AD):The first major destruction of Christian books occurred under Emperor Diocletian, who ordered the burning of Christian scriptures to try and destroy the faith itself.
Other Incidents: In 1731, Archbishop Leopold Anton von Firmian ordered the burning of Protestant Bibles in Salzburg. In 1849, 3,000 copies of a Catholic Italian translation were burned in Florence because they were considered Protestant-influenced.
Nazi Germany (1933): In a non-Church context, 70 tonnes of Watch Tower literature and Bibles were burned in Nazi Germany.
Bible – a Collection of Books/ Manuscripts
The New Testament has over 5,800 Greek manuscripts, 10,000 Latin, and 9,300 in other languages, totaling over 25,000, dating from c. 125 to the 15th century. Old Testament Hebrew manuscripts are fewer, with the Dead Sea Scrolls significantly increasing that count to include copies of every book except Esther. (Wikipedia) -None of which perfectly agree with each other;
So Yes – there are Stories/ Concepts Narrated – but we cannot confirm 100 percent the events because the testaments differ with each other – other than God being one entity who created everything in the Heavens and the earth and nothing happens except by Divine Will – and there will be a death, life in the grave, Ressurection Paradise or Hellfire – as a common theme among all these writings; but specific events or word there is no Original text from God’s Books – such as the Torah of Moses, David’s Psalms, the Gospel of Jesus – which only explains why Quran Kareem was sent to clarify the right version of past events and bring people back to monotheism;
Key Manuscript Counts:
New Testament: > 5,800 Greek (catalogued)
New Testament: > 10,000 Latin, > 9,300 other languages (Syriac, Coptic, etc.)
Old Testament: The Masoretic Text is the standard, with thousands of fragments from the Dead Sea Scrolls.
Original Language Breakdown:
Hebrew: The majority of the 39 Old Testament books.
Aramaic: Approximately 268 verses, including parts of Daniel and Ezra.
Greek: All 27 New Testament books (Koine Greek) and the 7 deuterocanonical books.
Latin: Not an original language, but the Vulgate translation was completed by Jerome in the 5th century.
NIV – Translation of the Bible
NIV – Version Information
The New International Version (NIV) is a completely original translation of the Bible developed by more than one hundred scholars working from the best available Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek texts. (None the Original Torah of Moses, David’s Psalms, Jesus Gospel)
The initial vision for the project was provided by a single individual – an engineer working with General Electric in Seattle by the name of Howard Long. Long was a lifelong devotee of the King James Version, but when he shared it with his friends he was distressed to find that it just didn’t connect. Long saw the need for a translation that captured the truths he loved in the language that his contemporaries spoke.
For 10 years, Long and a growing group of like-minded supporters drove this idea. The passion of one man became the passion of a church, and ultimately the passion of a whole group of denominations. And finally, in 1965, after several years of preparatory study, a trans-denominational and international group of scholars met in Palos Heights, Illinois, and agreed to begin work on the project – determining to not simply adapt an existing English version of the Bible but to start from scratch with the best available manuscripts in the original languages. Their conclusion was endorsed by a large number of church leaders who met in Chicago in 1966.
As proved in the previous paragraphs, all the testaments have been changed, and many testaments in Hebrew and Aramaic have been burnt by the church as well – all the Original prophetic testaments have been changed – therefore Allah/ God AllMighty revealed the Qur’an Kareem (Noble Quran/ Recitation) from Angel Garbriel to Prophet Muhammad to bring humanity back to Monotheism until the Day of Ressurection with no changes;
Islam is a continuation of the message received by previous prophets, such as Noah, Abraham, David, Moses and Jesus, peace be upon them all. Therefore, the Quran maintains the pure teachings of previous revelations, including the Torah and the Gospel. The Quran describes that all the prophets taught people to believe in the One God, the Creator. The messengers also instructed them to spend their lives with God-consciousness, doing good deeds and avoiding sins. Moreover, they warned their fellow humans of accountability in the afterlife, a subject which the Quran returns to again and again.
Since its revelation, the Quran (also spelled ‘Koran’) has remained preserved in its exact, primary text. While numerous translations of the Quran exist, they are all based on the single, original Arabic script, making the Quran unique from previous scriptures in its pure authenticity.
Quran’s Message
The distinctive approach of the Quran is that its spiritual message includes practical injunctions aimed at the general welfare of individuals, society and the environment in which we live.
The Quran’s message is eternal and universal, transcending our differences in race, color, ethnicity and nationality. It provides guidance on every facet of human life – from economics and the ethics of trade to marriage, divorce, parenting, gender issues and inheritance.
Say, ˹O believers,˺ “We believe in Allah and what has been revealed to us; and what was revealed to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and his descendants; and what was given to Moses, Jesus, and other prophets from their Lord. We make no distinction between any of them. And to Allah we all submit.”
Monotheism is a prominent theme of the Quran, affirming that God is One without any partners. In a concisely-worded Quranic chapter, God commands, “Say, ‘He is God the One, God the eternal. He begot no one nor was He begotten. No one is comparable to Him’” (112:1-4).
#Bible – Collection of Manuscpripts (Writings of Scholars about Real Events and some teachings of God) – #Not word of God; #Burning of Manuscripts, #Quran, #Word of God; #Islam; #monotheism;
1. Glory to Him who journeyed His servant by night, from the Sacred Mosque, to the Farthest Mosque, whose precincts We have blessed, in order to show him of Our wonders. He is the Listener, the Beholder.
2. And We gave Moses the Scripture, and made it a guide for the Children of Israel: Take none for protector other than Me.
3. The descendants of those We carried with Noah. He was an appreciative servant.
4. And We conveyed to the Children of Israel in the Scripture: You will commit evil on earth twice, and you will rise to a great height.
5. When the first of the two promises came true, We sent against you servants of Ours, possessing great might, and they ransacked your homes. It was a promise fulfilled.
6. Then We gave you back your turn against them, and supplied you with wealth and children, and made you more numerous.
7. If you work righteousness, you work righteousness for yourselves; and if you commit evil, you do so against yourselves. Then, when the second promise comes true, they will make your faces filled with sorrow, and enter the Temple as they entered it the first time, and utterly destroy all that falls into their power.
8. Perhaps your Lord will have mercy on you. But if you revert, We will revert. We have made Hell a prison for the disbelievers.
9. This Quran guides to what is most upright; and it gives good news to the believers who do good deeds, that they will have a great reward. 10. And those who do not believe in the Hereafter—We have prepared for them a painful punishment.
16. When We decide to destroy a town, We command its affluent ones, they transgress in it, so the word becomes justified against it, and We destroy it completely.
17. How many generations have We destroyed after Noah? Your Lord is sufficient as Knower and Beholder of the sins of his servants.
18. Whoever desires the fleeting life, We expedite for him what We decide to give him, to whomever We desire. Then We consign him to Hell, where he will roast, condemned and defeated.
Second Destruction and Fall of Jerusalem – the Roman Empire – 70CE
A lot of the Jewish people refused to acknowledge Nabi/ prophet Jesus as the Messiah – and they were destroyed and taken into slabvery for their Sins by the Roman empire; – Islam;
1 year ago“1 And Jesus went out, and departed from the temple: and his disciples came to him for to shew him the buildings of the temple. 2 And Jesus said unto them, See ye not all these things? verily I say unto you, There shall not be left here one stone upon another, that shall not be thrown down. ” Matthew 24:1-2 KJV.
Quran kareem on Killing of the Prophets
˹They were condemned˺ for breaking their covenant, rejecting Allah’s signs, killing the prophets unjustly, and for saying, “Our hearts are unreceptive!”1—it is Allah Who has sealed their hearts for their disbelief, so they do not believe except for a few— Surah An Nisaa’ 4:155;
156. And for their faithlessness, and their saying against Mary a monstrous slander.
157. And for their saying, “We have killed the Messiah, Jesus, the son of Mary, the Messenger of God.” In fact, they did not kill him, nor did they crucify him, but it appeared to them as if they did. Indeed, those who differ about him are in doubt about it. They have no knowledge of it, except the following of assumptions. Certainly, they did not kill him.
158. Rather, God raised him up to Himself. God is Mighty and Wise.
#Destruction, #Temple, #Jerusalem, #Killing the Prophets
Gaius Julius Caesar himself in his “Commentaries on the Gallic wars” (58 to 51 B.C.) gives the following numbers: out of 3 million Gauls, one third was killed and another third was enslaved.
Plutarch, a Roman philosopher of the 1st century A.D., in his “Life of Caesar” confirms Caesar’s figures: one million enslaved and another millon murdered during the Gallic wars.
But French demographers, given Gaul’s agricultural and economic wealth capable to sustain a much bigger population, estimate the population of Gaul right before Caesar’s wars at about 10 to 12 million people.
Therefore, what we don’t know for sure is whether one million here becomes one tenth, and 8 to 10 million Gauls survived the conquest as free men. But it’s very likely.
What is certain is that, in a very fertile and wealthy country like Gaul/France there was a demographic come back of the Gaulish population (in a preindustrial society more than 90% lived in rural areas until the 1800’s).
Ceasar exaggerated these figures in order to enhance his victory.
Source: Sophie Hulot. César génocidaire ? Le massacre des Usipètes et des Tenctères (55 av. J.-C.). Revue des études anciennes, Université Bordeaux Montaigne, 2018, 120 (1), pp.73-99. ffhal-01944519ff
National Geographic – Caesar’s Gaul campaign
Caesar made the political prime time at around age 40 by forging the First Triumvirate with Pompey the Great, noted general and statesman, and Marcus Licinius Crassus, one of Rome’s richest men. In 59 B.C., Caesar was elected consul.
He knew he needed a great military victory to win lasting glory beyond politics, so he set out to conquer the long-defiant Gauls—Celts who lived in modern-day France. Caesar’s seven-year Gaul campaign ended triumphantly in 51 B.C.The Gaul leader Vercingetorix was paraded in chains through Rome before being ritually strangled. In all, Caesar’s campaign killed or enslaved more than a million Gauls, a crushing victory that deepened the growing rivalry with Pompey, who had taken Caesar’s place as consul.
Caesar’s ambitious power grabs through political reform alienated many senators. When he declared himself dictator for life in 45 B.C., he sealed his fate. Threatened by Caesar’s tyranny, a group of conspirators—led by Brutus—plotted against him. On the Ides of March (March 15), 44 B.C., Caesar was assassinated, stabbed 23 times.
Though the conspirators eliminated Caesar himself, they neither thwarted his plans nor saved the republic. His designated heir, Octavian, outlasted Caesar’s antagonists and became the first Roman emperor. In keeping with Caesar’s eternal quest for glory, in death he acquired one last title and tribute.
Month of July named after a Genocidal maniac;
July was renamed for Julius Caesar, who was born that month. Before that, it was called Quintilis in Latin, meaning the fifth month in the ancient Roman calendar. However, Marc Anthony changed the name to July after Caesar’s assassination.
Julius Caesar himself introduced the Julian Calendar in 46 BC, adding 67 additional days by putting two intercalary months between November and December. According to Cicero, he probably did this after returning from an African military campaign in late Quntilis (July). This solved some leap-year problems.
History of the Month of August
What’s in a name? The name of this month was not always August; previously, the Romans referred to it as Sextilis. This was back in the days of Romulus in 753 BC, when there were originally ten months (… Sept, Oct, Nov, Dec). In 8 B.C., the Roman Senate decided to honor their first Emperor, Augustus Caesar, by changing the month’s name to Augustus.
Now, Augustus wasn’t his name; it was a description of his importance. He was born Gaius Octavius, though he is known in the history books as Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus or Octavius to his friends. The title Augustus in Latin comes from augere, “to increase,” and was granted to him in 27 B.C. by the Roman Senate.
It meant “venerable” or “consecrated,” signifying his religious role in the Roman cultus. We use the term in English to describe someone auspicious, grand, or lordly… or with imperial qualities. The Greek equivalent is Sebaste (Σεβαστή).
He was elected to the College of Pontiffs and later joined his great-uncle, Julius Caesar, on the battlefield. The General (and Dictator) was so impressed that he changed his will and named the boy his prime beneficiary. As Caesar had no legitimate heir, this adoption meant Octavius would succeed him.
Octavius took the name Gaius Julius Caesar, though Roman tradition required that he append the surname Octavianus (or Octavian) to denote his biological family. He is alternatively known as Octavius, Octavian, or Augustus.
Ayah – Verse 22 – If (there) were in both of them gods besides Allah, surely they (would) have been ruined. So glorified (is) Allah, Lord (of) the Throne (above) what they attribute.
Tafsir – Explanation of the Verse:
Only a Being which has these powers is worthy of being worship لَوْ كَانَ فِيهِمَا آلِهَةٌ إِلَّا اللَّـهُ لَفَسَدَتَا (Had there been gods in them [ the heavens and the earth ] other than Allah, both would have fallen in disorder. – 21:22). This is an argument of common nature in favour of the Oneness of Allah which is based on common practice. It is also a logical proof of the oneness of God and a great deal of literature is available to explain it in the books on theology (عِلمُ الکلَام). The argument of common nature is that if there were two Gods, each independent and sovereign, then the commands of both would prevail on the earth and in the sky which is not possible, because it is inconceivable that both of them would have common views on all matters. And if there are differences of opinion which is inevitable where power is shared, there could be conflict, which would always lead to chaos and confusion. The suggestion that the two Gods could consult each other before passing orders has been adequately discussed, and rejected, in the books of theology. The thing to note is that if the two Gods had to take decisions jointly, then neither of them would have been sovereign, and a god with divided sovereignty is not God.
21. Or have they taken to themselves gods from the earth who resurrect?
22. If there were in them gods other than God, they would have gone to ruin. So glory be to God, Lord of the Throne, beyond what they allege.
23. He will not be questioned about what He does, but they will be questioned.
24. Or have they taken, besides Him, other gods? Say, “Bring your proof. This is a message for those with me, and a message of those before me.” But most of them do not know the truth, so they turn away.
25. We never sent a messenger before you without inspiring him that: “There is no god but I, so worship Me.”
26. And they say, “The Most Merciful has taken to himself a son.” Be He glorified; they are but honored servants.
27. They never speak before He has spoken, and they only act on His command.
28. He knows what is before them, and what is behind them; and they do not intercede except for him whom He approves; and they tremble in awe of Him.
29. And whoever of them says, “I am a god besides Him,” We will reward him with Hell. Thus We reward the wrongdoers.
30. Do the disbelievers not see that the heavens and the earth were one mass, and We tore them apart? And We made from water every living thing. Will they not believe?
Notes; some proofs about Quran authenticity is that the universe was one mass – and it expands; which is recently confirmed by modern scientific theory and no one could know that at that time 1400 years ago;
Surah – at Thariayyat –We (God AmMighty – royal We) built the universe with ˹great˺ might, and We are certainly expanding ˹it˺.
#Monotheism; #Islam; #verses; #one God; #Divine Will; some #Science Verses;
‘Umar said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) used to say when breaking his fast: “Thahaba al-thama wa’btalat al-‘uruq wa thabata al-ajr in sha Allah (Thirst is gone, the veins are moistened and the reward is certain if Allah wills).” (Narrated by Abu Dawud, 2357; al-Daraqutni, 25. Ibn Hajar said in al-Talkhis al-Habir (2/202): al-Daraqutni said, its isnad is sahih.)
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