Tag Archives: #Quran

History, Law, Islam, Religion

Preservation of Quran- Hadith

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Times of Uthman (RadiAllahu Anhu)

Narrated Anas bin Malik: Hudhaifa bin Al-Yaman came to `Uthman at the time when the people of Sham and the people of Iraq were Waging war to conquer Arminya and Adharbijan. Hudhaifa was afraid of their (the people of Sham and Iraq) differences in the recitation of the Qur’an, so he said to `Uthman, “O chief of the Believers! Save this nation before they differ about the Book (Qur’an) as Jews and the Christians did before.” So `Uthman sent a message to Hafsa saying, “Send us the manuscripts of the Qur’an so that we may compile the Qur’anic materials in perfect copies and return the manuscripts to you.” Hafsa sent it to `Uthman. `Uthman then ordered Zaid bin Thabit, `Abdullah bin AzZubair, Sa`id bin Al-As and `AbdurRahman bin Harith bin Hisham to rewrite the manuscripts in perfect copies. `Uthman said to the three Quraishi men, “In case you disagree with Zaid bin Thabit on any point in the Qur’an, then write it in the dialect of Quraish, the Qur’an was revealed in their tongue.” They did so, and when they had written many copies, `Uthman returned the original manuscripts to Hafsa. `Uthman sent to every Muslim province one copy of what they had copied, and ordered that all the other Qur’anic materials, whether written in fragmentary manuscripts or whole copies, be burnt.

حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ شِهَابٍ، أَنَّ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ، حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ حُذَيْفَةَ بْنَ الْيَمَانِ قَدِمَ عَلَى عُثْمَانَ وَكَانَ يُغَازِي أَهْلَ الشَّأْمِ فِي فَتْحِ إِرْمِينِيَةَ وَأَذْرَبِيجَانَ مَعَ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ فَأَفْزَعَ حُذَيْفَةَ اخْتِلاَفُهُمْ فِي الْقِرَاءَةِ فَقَالَ حُذَيْفَةُ لِعُثْمَانَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَدْرِكْ هَذِهِ الأُمَّةَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْتَلِفُوا فِي الْكِتَابِ اخْتِلاَفَ الْيَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى فَأَرْسَلَ عُثْمَانُ إِلَى حَفْصَةَ أَنْ أَرْسِلِي إِلَيْنَا بِالصُّحُفِ نَنْسَخُهَا فِي الْمَصَاحِفِ ثُمَّ نَرُدُّهَا إِلَيْكِ فَأَرْسَلَتْ بِهَا حَفْصَةُ إِلَى عُثْمَانَ فَأَمَرَ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ وَعَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ وَسَعِيدَ بْنَ الْعَاصِ وَعَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ فَنَسَخُوهَا فِي الْمَصَاحِفِ وَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ لِلرَّهْطِ الْقُرَشِيِّينَ الثَّلاَثَةِ إِذَا اخْتَلَفْتُمْ أَنْتُمْ وَزَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ فِي شَىْءٍ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ فَاكْتُبُوهُ بِلِسَانِ قُرَيْشٍ فَإِنَّمَا نَزَلَ بِلِسَانِهِمْ فَفَعَلُوا حَتَّى إِذَا نَسَخُوا الصُّحُفَ فِي الْمَصَاحِفِ رَدَّ عُثْمَانُ الصُّحُفَ إِلَى حَفْصَةَ وَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى كُلِّ أُفُقٍ بِمُصْحَفٍ مِمَّا نَسَخُوا وَأَمَرَ بِمَا سِوَاهُ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ فِي كُلِّ صَحِيفَةٍ أَوْ مُصْحَفٍ أَنْ يُحْرَقَ‏.‏;

Reference – Sahid al Bukhari 4987, Book 66; Hadith 9; #Tashhkent copy;

Folio from the “Tashkent Qur’an”

late 8th–early 9th century

Magnificent in size, this folio comes from one of the oldest surviving Qur’an manuscripts in existence. It is written in an early version of the kufic script with no diacritical marks (tashkeel) to distinguish the letters, and with very limited illumination. Based on the form of the script, and the illuminations that do survive on other pages from this Qur’an, the book has been attributed to Cairo, Egypt; Damascus, Syria; or Sana’a, Yemen. About one third of the original manuscript is housed in the Hast-Imam Library in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/454661

At that time, there were no printing presses.  Books had to be written manually by specialized scribes and making a copy required a similar effort.  The Quran was dictated word by word and letter by letter by the Prophet himself to specialized scribes.[1]  The Prophet passed away in 632 AD.  Afterwards, Abu Bakr, the first leader of the Muslims, gathered the original scripts of the scribes into one book, and then some time later, when the Muslim empire stretched from East to West,  Uthman, the son-in-law of the Prophet and the third Caliph, ordered five copies of the original to be made and distributed to all parts of the Muslim world some twenty years later.[2]

Today, we have three manuscripts of Quran which are traced back to the Prophet’s son-in-law, the Caliph Uthman.

(1) The Samarqand Manuscript located in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.  It is written on a parchment from gazelle skin.  According to Memory of the World Program, UNESCO, an arm of the United Nations, ‘it is the definitive version, known as the Mushaf of Uthman, superseding all other versions.’[3]

Figure 1 This manuscript, held by the Muslim Board of Uzbekistan, is the earliest existent written version of the Quran.  It is the definitive version, known as the Mushaf of Othman, superseding all other versions.  Image courtesy of Memory of the World Register, UNESCO.

Figure 2  The Holy Quran of Othman in its glass-fronted safe.  Image courtesy of Memory of the World Register, UNESCO.

(2) The Topkapi Palace Museum.[5]

(3) The third manuscript is kept in Al-Hussein Mosque, Cairo, Egypt and can be seen below.

https://guidetoislam.com/en/articles/preservation-of-the-holy-quran-1482

#Preservation of Quran Kareem- #Hadith; #Islamic; #History; #Uthmani Quranic script; #Tashkent copy; #Uzbekistan;

Islam, Religion

Why the Bible is Not the Word of God – No Original Testaments

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Why Quran is the Word of God – Last Revelation on Monotheism

The Word Bible – comes from the Greek Word “Biblos”

biblos (βίβλος) means “book,” “scroll,” or specifically the inner bark of the papyrus plant used to make writing materials. Derived from the Phoenician city of Byblos (a major papyrus exporter), it is the root for words like “bible,” “bibliography,” and “bibliophile; it is basically a Collection of Manuscripts written by Scholars/ Scribes- mostly from Greek and Latin Texts – while most of the Prophets spoke Hebrew and Aramaic

A (Church) History of Burning the Bible Manuscripts

Based on the historical evidence, the claim that Constantine burned scriptures or ordered the destruction of “non-canonical” books is false; this action was carried out by his predecessor, Diocletian, during the “Great Persecution” (303–313 AD). Wikipedia

Here is the breakdown of the historical facts regarding Constantine and the scriptures:

  • Diocletian, Not Constantine, Burned Scriptures: The Emperor Diocletian launched a massive effort in 303 AD to destroy Christian sacred texts and burn churches.
  • Constantine Ordered Copies, Not Destruction: Upon converting, Constantine actually financed the production of new copies of the Scriptures. He tasked Eusebius of Caesarea with producing 50 copies of the Bible for the churches in Constantinople to replace those destroyed in the earlier persecution.
  • No Role in Canonization: Constantine did not select the books of the Bible at the Council of Nicaea (325 AD). The canon was largely established by the church before his reign and finalized by later councils in the late 4th century. ( and here again church authorities decided which Testaments to include or Not to include in the recognized version of the Bible);
  • Other accounts, letters, and revelations—e.g., the Didachē (Teaching of the Twelve Apostles), Gospel of Peter, First Letter of Clement, Letter of Barnabas, Apocalypse (Revelation) of Peter, Shepherd of Hermas—exist, but through a complex process the canon was fixed for both the Eastern and Western churches in the 4th century. The canon contained four Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John), Acts, 21 letters, and one book of a strictly revelatory character, Revelation. These were not necessarily the oldest writings, not all equally revelatory, and not all directed to the church at large. (https://www.britannica.com/topic/biblical-literature/New-Testament-canon-texts-and-versions)
  • Targeted “Heretical” Writings: While he did not burn the New Testament, Constantine did order the destruction of books written by heretical groups, such as the Arians, to force religious conformity, but this was a separate, targeted action
  • Arianism, during the time of Emperor Constantine (early 4th century), was a Christological doctrine proposing that Jesus Christ was created by God the Father and was therefore not co-eternal or of the same substance as God. It was proposed by Arius, a presbyter from Alexandria, and became a major theological controversy that threatened the unity of the Roman Empire, prompting Constantine to convene the Council of Nicaea in 325 AD (it meant basically that God/ “Father” is the Creator – and Jesus was Created by God and a Prophet – not of the same substance as God (means no “trinity”/ church introduced idolatry; majority of Christians/ believers at the time Did not believe in “trinity” – but were thereatened by death under Constantine and the church if they publicly decleared God is One (no partners and no son- pure monotheism)- God is One with No Partners)
  • Roman Empire (303 AD): The first major destruction of Christian books occurred under Emperor Diocletian, who ordered the burning of Christian scriptures to try and destroy the faith itself.
  • Other Incidents: In 1731, Archbishop Leopold Anton von Firmian ordered the burning of Protestant Bibles in Salzburg. In 1849, 3,000 copies of a Catholic Italian translation were burned in Florence because they were considered Protestant-influenced.
  • Nazi Germany (1933): In a non-Church context, 70 tonnes of Watch Tower literature and Bibles were burned in Nazi Germany. Wikipedia

Bible – a Collection of Books/ Manuscripts

The New Testament has over 5,800 Greek manuscripts, 10,000 Latin, and 9,300 in other languages, totaling over 25,000, dating from c. 125 to the 15th century. Old Testament Hebrew manuscripts are fewer, with the Dead Sea Scrolls significantly increasing that count to include copies of every book except Esther.  (Wikipedia) -None of which perfectly agree with each other;

So Yes – there are Stories/ Concepts Narrated – but we cannot confirm 100 percent the events because the testaments differ with each other – other than God being one entity who created everything in the Heavens and the earth and nothing happens except by Divine Will – and there will be a death, life in the grave, Ressurection Paradise or Hellfire – as a common theme among all these writings; but specific events or word there is no Original text from God’s Books – such as the Torah of Moses, David’s Psalms, the Gospel of Jesus – which only explains why Quran Kareem was sent to clarify the right version of past events and bring people back to monotheism;

Key Manuscript Counts:

  • New Testament: > 5,800 Greek (catalogued)
  • New Testament: > 10,000 Latin, > 9,300 other languages (Syriac, Coptic, etc.)
  • Old Testament: The Masoretic Text is the standard, with thousands of fragments from the Dead Sea Scrolls.
  • Original Language Breakdown:

Hebrew: The majority of the 39 Old Testament books.

  • Aramaic: Approximately 268 verses, including parts of Daniel and Ezra.
  • Greek: All 27 New Testament books (Koine Greek) and the 7 deuterocanonical books.
  • Latin: Not an original language, but the Vulgate translation was completed by Jerome in the 5th century. 

NIV – Translation of the Bible

NIV – Version Information

The New International Version (NIV) is a completely original translation of the Bible developed by more than one hundred scholars working from the best available Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek texts. (None the Original Torah of Moses, David’s Psalms, Jesus Gospel)

The initial vision for the project was provided by a single individual – an engineer working with General Electric in Seattle by the name of Howard Long. Long was a lifelong devotee of the King James Version, but when he shared it with his friends he was distressed to find that it just didn’t connect. Long saw the need for a translation that captured the truths he loved in the language that his contemporaries spoke.

For 10 years, Long and a growing group of like-minded supporters drove this idea. The passion of one man became the passion of a church, and ultimately the passion of a whole group of denominations. And finally, in 1965, after several years of preparatory study, a trans-denominational and international group of scholars met in Palos Heights, Illinois, and agreed to begin work on the project – determining to not simply adapt an existing English version of the Bible but to start from scratch with the best available manuscripts in the original languages. Their conclusion was endorsed by a large number of church leaders who met in Chicago in 1966.

https://www.biblegateway.com/versions/New-International-Version-NIV-Bible/

QUR’AN – The Word of God

Islam: The Final Revelation from God

As proved in the previous paragraphs, all the testaments have been changed, and many testaments in Hebrew and Aramaic have been burnt by the church as well – all the Original prophetic testaments have been changed – therefore Allah/ God AllMighty revealed the Qur’an Kareem (Noble Quran/ Recitation) from Angel Garbriel to Prophet Muhammad to bring humanity back to Monotheism until the Day of Ressurection with no changes;

Islam is a continuation of the message received by previous prophets, such as Noah, Abraham, David, Moses and Jesus, peace be upon them all. Therefore, the Quran maintains the pure teachings of previous revelations, including the Torah and the Gospel. The Quran describes that all the prophets taught people to believe in the One God, the Creator. The messengers also instructed them to spend their lives with God-consciousness, doing good deeds and avoiding sins. Moreover, they warned their fellow humans of accountability in the afterlife, a subject which the Quran returns to again and again.

Since its revelation, the Quran (also spelled ‘Koran’) has remained preserved in its exact, primary text. While numerous translations of the Quran exist, they are all based on the single, original Arabic script, making the Quran unique from previous scriptures in its pure authenticity.

Quran’s Message

The distinctive approach of the Quran is that its spiritual message includes practical injunctions aimed at the general welfare of individuals, society and the environment in which we live.

The Quran’s message is eternal and universal, transcending our differences in race, color, ethnicity and nationality. It provides guidance on every facet of human life – from economics and the ethics of trade to marriage, divorce, parenting, gender issues and inheritance.

Say, ˹O believers,˺ “We believe in Allah and what has been revealed to us; and what was revealed to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and his descendants; and what was given to Moses, Jesus, and other prophets from their Lord. We make no distinction between any of them. And to Allah we all submit.”

Monotheism is a prominent theme of the Quran, affirming that God is One without any partners. In a concisely-worded Quranic chapter, God commands, “Say, ‘He is God the One, God the eternal. He begot no one nor was He begotten. No one is comparable to Him’” (112:1-4).

Quran: The Word of God

#Bible – Collection of Manuscpripts (Writings of Scholars about Real Events and some teachings of God) – #Not word of God; #Burning of Manuscripts, #Quran, #Word of God; #Islam; #monotheism;

Islam, Religion

John (Yahya) and Jesus (Eesa) in Quran Kareem- Beginnings

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Surah Maryam/ Mary – Verses 28-36

SURAH MARYAM/ MARY – Verses 28-36

28. O sister of Aaron, your father was not an evil man, and your mother was not unchaste” 29. So she pointed to him. They said, “How can we speak to an infant in the crib?”

30. He said, “I am the servant of God. He has given me the Scripture, and made me a prophet. 31. And has made me blessed wherever I may be; and has enjoined on me prayer and charity, so long as I live. 32. And kind to my mother, and He did not make me a disobedient rebel.

33. So Peace is upon me the day I was born, and the day I die, and the Day I get resurrected alive.”

34. That is Jesus son of Mary—the Word of truth about which they doubt.

35. It is not for God to have a child—glory be to Him. To have anything done, He says to it, “Be,” and it becomes.

36. “God is my Lord and your Lord, so worship Him. That is a straight path.”

Surah Al Imran (Family of Imran) – 31-54

31. Say, “If you love God, then follow me, and God will love you, and will forgive you your sins.” God is Forgiving and Merciful.

32. Say, “Obey God and the Messenger.” But if they turn away—God does not love the faithless. 33. God chose Adam, and Noah, and the family of Abraham, and the family of Imran, over all mankind. 34. Offspring one of the other. God is Hearer and Knower.

35. The wife of Imran (the mother of Mary, jesus’s Mom) said, “My Lord, I have vowed to You what is in my womb, dedicated, so accept from me; You are the Hearer and Knower.”

36. And when she delivered her, she said, “My Lord, I have delivered a female,” and God was well aware of what she has delivered, “and the male is not like the female, and I have named her Mary, and have commended her and her descendants to Your protection, from Satan the outcast.”

37. Her Lord accepted her with a gracious reception, and brought her a beautiful upbringing, and entrusted her to the care of Zechariah. Whenever Zechariah entered upon her in the sanctuary, he found her with provision. He said, “O Mary, where did you get this from?” She said, “It is from God; God provides to whom He wills without reckoning.”

38. Thereupon Zechariah prayed to his Lord; he said, “My Lord, bestow on me good offspring from Your presence; You are the Hearer of Prayers.”

39. Then the angels called out to him, as he stood praying in the sanctuary: “God gives you good news of John; confirming a Word from God, and honorable, and moral, and a prophet; one of the upright.”

40. He said, “My Lord, how will I have a son, when old age has overtaken me, and my wife is barren?” He said, “Even so, God does whatever He wills.”

41. He said, “My Lord, give me a sign.” He said, “Your sign is that you shall not speak to the people for three days, except by gestures. And remember your Lord much, and praise in the evening and the morning.”

42. The angels said, “O Mary, God has chosen you, and has purified you. He has chosen you over all the women of the world.

43. “O Mary, be devoted to your Lord, and bow down, and kneel with those who kneel.”

44. These are accounts from the Unseen, which We reveal to you. You were not with them when they cast their lots as to which of them would take charge of Mary; nor were you with them as they quarreled.

45. The Angels said, “O Mary, God gives you good news of a Word from Him. His name is the Messiah, Jesus, son of Mary, well-esteemed in this world and the next, and one of the nearest.

46. He will speak to the people from the crib, and in adulthood, and will be one of the righteous.”

47. She said, “My Lord, how can I have a child, when no man has touched me?” He said, “It will be so. God creates whatever He wills. To have anything done, He only says to it, ‘Be,’ and it is.”

48. And He will teach him the Scripture and wisdom, and the Torah and the Gospel.

49. A messenger to the Children of Israel: “I have come to you with a sign from your Lord. I make for you out of clay the figure of a bird; then I breathe into it, and it becomes a bird by God’s leave. And I heal the blind and the leprous, and I revive the dead, by God’s leave. And I inform you concerning what you eat, and what you store in your homes. In that is a sign for you, if you are believers.”

50. “And verifying what lies before me of the Torah, and to make lawful for you some of what was forbidden to you. I have come to you with a sign from your Lord; so fear God, and obey me.”

51. “God is my Lord and your Lord, so worship Him. That is a straight path.”

52. When Jesus sensed disbelief on their part, he said, “Who are my allies towards God?” The disciples said, “We are God’s allies; we have believed in God, and bear witness that we submit.”

53. “Our Lord, we have believed in what You have revealed, and we have followed the Messenger, so count us among the witnesses.”

54. They planned, and God planned; but God is the Best of planners.

55. God said, “O Jesus, I am terminating your life, and raising you to Me, and clearing you of those who disbelieve. And I will make those who follow you superior to those who disbelieve, until the Day of Resurrection. Then to Me is your return; then I will judge between you regarding what you were disputing.

#Mary, #John, #Jesus, #Quran Kareem, #Verses, #beginnings; #Birth;

History, Law, Islam, Religion

History of Killing the Prophets

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Jewish Rabbi: “We Have Sinned And Transgressed”

SURAH AN NISAA’ / The Women: Verses Translation;

˹They were condemned˺ for breaking their covenant, rejecting Allah’s signs, killing the prophets unjustly, and for saying, “Our hearts are unreceptive!”1—it is Allah Who has sealed their hearts for their disbelief, so they do not believe except for a few— Surah An Nisaa’ 4:155;

150. Those who disbelieve in God/Allah and His messengers, and want to separate between God and His messengers, and say, “We believe in some, and reject some,” and wish to take a path in between.

151. These are the unbelievers, truly. We have prepared for the unbelievers a shameful punishment.

152. As for those who believe in God and His messengers, and make no distinction between any of them—He will give them their rewards. God is Forgiver and Merciful.

153. The People of the Scripture challenge you to bring down to them a book from the sky. They had asked Moses for something even greater. They said, “Show us God plainly.” The thunderbolt struck them for their wickedness. Then they took the calf for worship, even after the clear proofs had come to them. Yet We pardoned that, and We gave Moses a clear authority.

154. And We raised the Mount above them in accordance with their covenant, and We said to them, “Enter the gate humbly”, and We said to them, “Do not violate the Sabbath”, and We received from them a solemn pledge.

155. But for their violation of their covenant, and their denial of God’s revelations, and their killing of the prophets unjustly, and their saying, “Our minds are closed.” In fact, God has sealed them for their disbelief, so they do not believe, except for a few.

156. And for their faithlessness, and their saying against Mary a monstrous slander.

157. And for their saying, “We have killed the Messiah, Jesus, the son of Mary, the Messenger of God.” In fact, they did not kill him, nor did they crucify him, but it appeared to them as if they did. Indeed, those who differ about him are in doubt about it. They have no knowledge of it, except the following of assumptions. Certainly, they did not kill him.

158. Rather, God raised him up to Himself. God is Mighty and Wise.

Poisoning of Prophet Muhammad(saw) –

Anas ibn Malik reported: A Jewish woman came to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, with a poisoned sheep, and he ate from it. She was brought to him and he asked her about it. She said, “I want to kill you.” The Prophet said, “Allah has given you no authority over me.” It was said, “Should we kill her?” The Prophet said, “No.” I continued to notice the effects of the poison upon the Messenger of Allah. Source: Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 2617, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 2190

Grade: Muttafaqun Alayhi (authenticity agreed upon) according to Al-Bukhari and Muslim

 عَنْ أَنَسٍ أَنَّ امْرَأَةً يَهُودِيَّةً أَتَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِشَاةٍ مَسْمُومَةٍ فَأَكَلَ مِنْهَا فَجِيءَ بِهَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَسَأَلَهَا عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَتْ أَرَدْتُ لِأَقْتُلَكَ قَالَ مَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيُسَلِّطَكِ عَلَى ذَاكِ قَالَ أَوْ قَالَ عَلَيَّ قَالَ قَالُوا أَلَا نَقْتُلُهَا قَالَ لَا قَالَ فَمَا زِلْتُ أَعْرِفُهَا فِي لَهَوَاتِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ

2617 صحيح البخاري كتاب الهبة وفضلها والتحريض عليها باب قبول الهدية من المشركين; 2190 صحيح مسلم كتاب السلام باب السم

Related

Sahih Bukhari Volume 4, Book 53, Hadith Number 394.

  • Narated By Abu Huraira : When Khaibar was conquered, a roasted poisoned sheep was presented to the Prophets as a gift (by the Jews). The Prophet ordered, “Let all the Jews who have been here, be assembled before me.” The Jews were collected and the Prophet said (to them), “I am going to ask you a question. Will you tell the truth?” They said, “Yes.’ The Prophet asked, “Who is your father?” They replied, “So-and-so.” He said, “You have told a ie; your father is so-and-so.” They said, “You are right.” He siad, “Will you now tell me the truth, if I ask you about something?” They replied, “Yes, O AbuAl-Qasim; and if we should tell a lie, you can realize our lie as you have done regarding our father.” On that he asked, “Who are the people of the (Hell) Fire?” They said, “We shall remain in the (Hell) Fire for a short period, and after that you will replace us.” The Prophet said, “You may be cursed and humiliated in it! By Allah, we shall never replace you in it.” Then he asked, “Will you now tell me the truth if I ask you a question?” They said, “Yes, O Ab Li-AI-Qasim.” He asked, “Have you poisoned this sheep?” They said, “Yes.” He asked, “What made you do so?” They said, “We wanted to know if you were a liar in which case we would get rid of you, and if you are a prophet then the poison would not harm you.”

Prophet Muhammad(sal Allahu Alaihi wa Sallam did not died right away from the Poison – as his death was not written at that time, but he died years later as an Effect of that poison;

Narrated `Aisha: The Prophet (ﷺ) in his ailment in which he died, used to say, “O `Aisha! I still feel the pain caused by the food I ate at Khaibar, and at this time, I feel as if my aorta is being cut from that poison.”

وَقَالَ يُونُسُ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، قَالَ عُرْوَةُ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ ـ رضى الله عنها ـ كَانَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَقُولُ فِي مَرَضِهِ الَّذِي مَاتَ فِيهِ ‏ “‏ يَا عَائِشَةُ مَا أَزَالُ أَجِدُ أَلَمَ الطَّعَامِ الَّذِي أَكَلْتُ بِخَيْبَرَ، فَهَذَا أَوَانُ وَجَدْتُ انْقِطَاعَ أَبْهَرِي مِنْ ذَلِكَ السَّمِّ ‏”‏‏.‏; Sahih al Bukhari 4428, reference Book 64, hadith 450

#Jewish #Sins; #Killing Prophets; #Quran Kareem; #Disbelief; #Slander #Mary; #Poison Prophet #Muhammad;

Islam, Religion

25 Prophets mentioned in Quran Kareem

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List of 25 Prophets in the Quran (Arabic & English)

The following are the 25 prophets commonly identified as mentioned in the Quran: 

The 25 prophets mentioned by name in the Quran are Adam, Idris (Enoch), Nuh (Noah), Hud, Saleh, Ibrahim (Abraham), Lut (Lot), Ismail (Ishmael), Ishaq (Isaac), Yaqub (Jacob), Yusuf (Joseph), Ayyub (Job), Shu’ayb, Musa (Moses), Harun (Aaron), Dhul-Kifl (Ezekiel), Dawud (David), Sulayman (Solomon), Ilyas (Elijah), Al-Yasa (Elisha), Yunus (Jonah), Zakariya (Zechariah), Yahya (John), Isa (Jesus), and Muhammad. – Peace be upon them all;

  1. Adam (آدم) – Adam
  2. Idris (إدريس) – Enoch
  3. Nuh (نوح) – Noah
  4. Hud (هود) – Heber
  5. Saleh (صالح) – Methusaleh/Salih
  6. Lut (لوط) – Lot
  7. Ibrahim (إبراهيم) – Abraham
  8. Ismail (إسماعيل) – Ishmael
  9. Ishaq (إسحاق) – Isaac
  10. Yaqub (يعقوب) – Jacob
  11. Yusuf (يوسف) – Joseph
  12. Shu’aib (شعيب) – Jethro
  13. Ayyub (أيوب) – Job
  14. Dhulkifl (ذو الكفل) – Ezekiel
  15. Musa (موسى) – Moses
  16. Harun (هارون) – Aaron
  17. Dawud (داود) – David
  18. Sulayman (سليمان) – Solomon
  19. Ilyas (إلياس) – Elijah
  20. Alyasa (اليسع) – Elisha
  21. Yunus (يونس) – Jonah
  22. Zakariya (زكريا) – Zechariah
  23. Yahya (يحيى) – John the Baptist
  24. Isa (عيسى) – Jesus
  25. Muhammad (محمد)

Allah, may He be exalted, sent messengers to every nation and He stated that they came one after another, as He says (interpretation of the meaning):

“Then We sent Our messengers in succession, every time there came to a nation their messenger, they denied him, so We made them follow one another (to destruction), and We made them as ahadith (the true stories for mankind to learn a lesson from them). So away with a people who believe not” [al-Muminun 23:44]

“Verily! We have sent you with the truth, a bearer of glad tidings, and a warner. And there never was a nation but a warner had passed among them” [Fatir 35:24].

Number of prophets mentioned in the Quran

Allah has named some of those Messengers and told us the stories of some of them, but not of many others. Allah, may He be exalted, says (interpretation of the meaning):

“Verily, We have inspired you (O Muhammad) as We inspired Nuh (Noah) and the prophets after him; We (also) inspired Ibrahim (Abraham), Ismail (Ishmael), Ishaque (Isaac), Yaqub (Jacob), and Al-Asbat (the twelve sons of Yaqub (Jacob)), ‘Isa (Jesus), Ayyub (Job), Yunus (Jonah), Harun (Aaron), and Sulaiman (Solomon), and to Dawud (David) We gave the Zabur (Psalms).

And messengers We have mentioned to you before, and messengers We have not mentioned to you, – and to Musa (Moses) Allah spoke directly” [an-Nisa 4:163-164]. 

#25 Prophets, #Quran Kareem, #Names, #List;

Islam, Library, Religion

Quran Kareem – Word by word Translation

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Version 1.0.0
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Comes in different colours according to availability. Maqdis Word-By-Word Translation & Color Coded Tajweed (Arabic-English) small 5-7/8 x 8-1/4 inch Al-Quran Al-Kareem Maqdis is a translation learning method of word-by-word Al-Quran with every word and sentence is colored differently, in Arabic and English. Every word in the Quran was translated literally so that the reader could understand the meaning of every single word. It needs to be remembered that not all literal translation represents the exact meaning of the word since the Quran uses varied Arabic language style and sometimes metaphor. Accordingly, to understand the full or intended meaning of the word or the verse, Muhsin Khan’s the Holy Quran Translation had been included in this edition. However, to comprehend more of the meaning of the Quran, reading the commentary of the Quran from trusted scholars would be necessary. Approved by the Department of Islamic Development of Malaysia (JAKIM) and Malaysian;

Islam, Religion

Allah is above the Heavens- and above the Throne

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Allah (may He be Exalted and Glorified) can be described only with the Names and Attributes with which He has described Himself and the Names and Attributes with which His Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) described Him, which suit His Majesty without Takyif (questioning Allah’s Attributes), Tamthil (likening Allah’s Attributes to those of His Creation), Tahrif (distortion of the meaning), or Ta`til (denial of Allah’s Attributes). This is because Allah (Exalted be He) says: “There is nothing like Him; and He is the All­ Hearer, the All­ Seer”.

There are many Qur’anic proofs that Allah exists in the heavens above His creatures and is seated on His Throne. Allah (Exalted be He) says:

Indeed your Lord is Allah Who created the heavens and the earth in six Days,1 then established Himself on the Throne. He makes the day and night overlap in rapid succession. He created the sun, the moon, and the stars—all subjected by His command. The creation and the command belong to Him ˹alone˺. Blessed is Allah—Lord of all worlds!

To Him ascend (all) the goodly words, and the righteous deeds exalt it (i.e. the goodly words are not accepted by Allâh unless and until they are followed by good deeds) ;

I will take you and raise you to Myself ;

The angels and the Rûh [Jibrîl (Gabriel)] ascend to Him ;

Then He (Istawâ) rose over the Throne (in a manner that suits His Majesty). The Most Gracious (Allâh)! ;

Do you feel secure that He, Who is over the heaven (Allâh), will not cause the earth to sink with you Or do you feel secure that He, Who is over the heaven (Allâh), will not send against you a violent whirlwind? ;

The Most Gracious (Allâh) rose over (Istawâ) the (Mighty) Throne (in a manner that suits His Majesty). and: O Hâmân! Build me a tower that I may arrive at the ways The ways of the heavens, and I may look upon the Ilâh (God) of Mûsâ (Moses): But verily, I think him to be a liar.

Hadith on Tahajjud: Allah descends in the last third of the night

Abu Huraira reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Our Lord Almighty descends to the lowest heaven in the last third of every night, saying: Who is calling upon Me that I may answer him? Who is asking from Me that I may give him? Who is seeking My forgiveness that I may forgive him?”

Source: Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 1145, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 758; Grade: Muttafaqun Alayhi (authenticity agreed upon) according to Al-Bukhari and Muslim

عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أن رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ يَنْزِلُ رَبُّنَا تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى كُلَّ لَيْلَةٍ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ الدُّنْيَا حِينَ يَبْقَى ثُلُثُ اللَّيْلِ الآخِرُ يَقُولُ مَنْ يَدْعُونِي فَأَسْتَجِيبَ لَهُ مَنْ يَسْأَلُنِي فَأُعْطِيَهُ مَنْ يَسْتَغْفِرُنِي فَأَغْفِرَ لَهُ

1145 صحيح البخاري كتاب التهجد باب الدعاء في الصلاة من آخر الليل;

758 صحيح مسلم كتاب صلاة المسافرين وقصرها باب الترغيب في الدعاء والذكر في آخر الليل والإجابة فيه

#Allah is above the Heavens, above the #Throne; #Tahajjud; #Quran, #hadith;

Islam, Religion

We come to be Tested in Faith – Islam

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SURAH AL BAQARAH – Verses 153-157

153. O you who believe! Seek help through patience and prayers. God is with the steadfast. 154. And do not say of those who are killed in the cause of God, “Dead.” Rather, they are alive, but you do not perceive.

155. We will certainly test you with some fear and hunger, and some loss of possessions and lives and crops. But give good news to the steadfast.

156. Those who, when a calamity afflicts them, say, “To God we belong, and to Him we will return.” 157. Upon these are blessings and mercy from their Lord. These are the guided ones.

HADITH – if you survive till the evening, do not expect to be alive in the morning…

Narrated Mujahid: `Abdullah bin `Umar said, “Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) took hold of my shoulder and said, ‘Be in this world as if you were a stranger or a traveler.” The sub-narrator added: Ibn `Umar used to say, “If you survive till the evening, do not expect to be alive in the morning, and if you survive till the morning, do not expect to be alive in the evening, and take from your health for your sickness, and (take) from your life for your death.”

حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ أَبُو الْمُنْذِرِ الطُّفَاوِيُّ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ الأَعْمَشِ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي مُجَاهِدٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ قَالَ أَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم بِمَنْكِبِي فَقَالَ ‏ “‏ كُنْ فِي الدُّنْيَا كَأَنَّكَ غَرِيبٌ، أَوْ عَابِرُ سَبِيلٍ ‏”‏‏.‏ وَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ يَقُولُ إِذَا أَمْسَيْتَ فَلاَ تَنْتَظِرِ الصَّبَاحَ، وَإِذَا أَصْبَحْتَ فَلاَ تَنْتَظِرِ الْمَسَاءَ، وَخُذْ مِنْ صِحَّتِكَ لِمَرَضِكَ، وَمِنْ حَيَاتِكَ لِمَوْتِكَ‏.‏ – Sahih Bukhari 6416;

Surah Al ANKABUT- The Spider

1. Alif, Lam, Meem.

2. Have the people supposed that they will be left alone to say, “We believe,” without being put to the test?

3. We have tested those before them. God will surely know the truthful, and He will surely know the liars. 4. Or do those who commit sins think they can fool Us? Terrible is their opinion!

5. Whoever looks forward to the meeting with God—the appointed time of God is coming. He is the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing.

6. Whoever strives, strives only for himself. God is Independent of the beings.

7. Those who believe and do righteous deeds—We will remit their sins, and We will reward them according to the best of what they used to do.

8. We have advised the human being to be good to his parents. But if they urge you to associate with Me something you have no knowledge of, do not obey them. To Me is your return; and I will inform you of what you used to do.

9. Those who believe and do good works—We will admit them into the company of the righteous.

10. Among the people is he who says, “We have believed in God.” Yet when he is harmed on God’s account, he equates the people’s persecution with God’s retribution. And if help comes from your Lord, he says, “We were actually with you.” Is not God aware of what is inside the hearts of the people?

11. God certainly knows those who believe, and He certainly knows the hypocrites.

12. Those who disbelieve say to those who believe, “Follow our way, and we will carry your sins.” In no way can they carry any of their sins. They are liars.

13. They will carry their own loads, and other loads with their own. And they will be questioned on the Day of Resurrection concerning what they used to fabricate.

#Tests; #Faith #Islam; #Dunia; #Akhira; #Afterlife; #Traveller; Hadith; Quran;

Islam, Religion

Surah Mulk- the Dominion (of the Heavens and Earth)

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Reciting Surah Mulk every night – will protect from the Punishment in the Grave

Narrated Ibn ‘Abbas:* “One of the companions of the Prophet (ﷺ) pitched a tent on a grave without knowing that it was a grave. Suddenly he heard a person from the grave reciting Surah al-Mulk till he completed it. So he went to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said: ‘Oh Messenger of Allah, I pitched my tent on a grave without realizing that is was a grave. Then suddenly I heard a person from the grave reciting Surah al-Mulk till he completed it.’ The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: ‘It is the defender, it is the deliverer – it delivers from the punishment of the grave.'” – Jamiah Tirmidhi 2890;

The importance of reciting Surah Mulk every night.
byu/Playful_Teaching_343 inislam

With regard to the report narrated by an-Nasai in as-Sunan al-Kubra (10547) and in ‘Aml al-Yawm wa’l-Laylah (711), and by Abu Tahir al-Mukhlis in al-Mukhlisiyyat (228), via ‘Arfajah ibn ‘Abd al-Wahid from ‘Asim ibn Abi’n-Nujud from Zirr from ‘Abdullah ibn Mas‘ud, who said: “Whoever recites Surah Tabarak Alladhi bi yadihi’l-mulk (Blessed is He in Whose Hand is the dominion) [al-Mulk 67:1] every night, Allah will protect him thereby from the punishment of the grave”, and at the time of the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) we used to call it al-Mani`ah (that which protects), and that in the Book of Allah there is a Surah, everyone who recites it every night has done a great deal and has done well – its isnad is layyin (weak). ‘Arfajah ibn ‘Abd al-Wahid is dubious, and no one regarded him as trustworthy. Al-Hafiz said in at-Taqrib (389): “He is acceptable, i.e., if there is any corroborating evidence, otherwise his hadith is layyin – as was stated in the introduction.

Surah Mulk – Translation

In the name of God, the Gracious, the Merciful.

1. Blessed is He in whose hand is the sovereignty, and Who has power over everything. 2. He who created death and life—to test you—as to which of you is better in conduct. He is the Almighty, the Forgiving.

3. He who created seven heavens in layers. You see no discrepancy in the creation of the Compassionate. Look again. Can you see any cracks?

4. Then look again, and again, and your sight will return to you dazzled and exhausted. 5. We have adorned the lower heaven with lanterns, and made them missiles against the devils; and We have prepared for them the punishment of the Blaze.

6. For those who reject their Lord, there is the torment of Hell. What an evil destination! 7. When they are thrown into it, they will hear it roaring, as it seethes. 8. It almost bursts with fury. Every time a batch is thrown into it, its keepers will ask them, “Has no warner come to you?”

9. They will say, “Yes, a warner did come to us, but we disbelieved, and said, ‘God did not send down anything; you are very much mistaken.’”

10. And they will say, “Had we listened or reasoned, we would not have been among the inmates of the Blaze.”

11. So they will acknowledge their sins. So away with the inmates of the Blaze.

12. As for those who fear their Lord in secret—for them is forgiveness and a great reward.

13. Whether you keep your words secret, or declare them—He is Aware of the inner thoughts. 14. Would He not know, He Who created? He is the Refined, the Expert.

15. It is He who made the earth manageable for you, so travel its regions, and eat of His provisions. To Him is the Resurgence.

16. Are you confident that the One in heaven will not cause the earth to collapse beneath you as it spins? 17. Or are you confident that the One in Heaven will not unleash against you a violent storm? Then you will know what My warning is like.

18. Those before them also denied the truth; and how was My disapproval?

19. Have they not seen the birds above them, spreading their wings, and folding them? None holds them except the Compassionate. He is Perceiver of everything. 20. Or who is this who is a force for you to protect you against the Compassionate? The disbelievers are in nothing but delusion.

21. Or who is this that will provide for you, if He withholds His provision? Yet they persist in defiance and aversion.

22. Is he who walks bent on his own design better guided, or he who walks upright on a straight path?

23. Say, “It is He who produced you; and made for you the hearing, and the vision, and the organs. But rarely do you give thanks.” 24. Say, “It is He who scattered you on earth, and to Him you will be rounded up.”

25. And they say, “When will this promise be fulfilled, if you are truthful?” 26. Say, “Knowledge is with God, and I am only a clear warner.”

27. But when they see it approaching, the faces of those who disbelieved will turn gloomy, and it will be said, “This is what you used to call for.”

28. Say, “Have you considered? Should God make me perish, and those with me; or else He bestows His mercy on us; who will protect the disbelievers from an agonizing torment?”

29. Say, “He is the Compassionate. We have faith in Him, and in Him we trust. Soon you will know who is in evident error.” 30. Say, “Have you considered? If your water drains away, who will bring you pure running water?”

#Surah Mulk, #Dominion; #Protection from #punishment in the Grave, #Islam;

Islam, Religion

Jesus Prayed as a Muslim

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Jesus Prays in Gethsemane

36 Then Jesus went with them to a place called Gethsemane, and he said to his disciples, “Sit here, while I go over there and pray.” 37 And taking with him Peter and the two sons of Zebedee, he began to be sorrowful and troubled. 38 Then he said to them, “My soul is very sorrowful, even to death; remain here, and watch[a] with me.” 39 And going a little farther he fell on his face and prayed, saying, “My Father, if it be possible, let this cup pass from me; nevertheless, not as I will, but as you will.” 40 And he came to the disciples and found them sleeping. And he said to Peter, “So, could you not watch with me one hour? 41 Watch and pray that you may not enter into temptation. The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak.” 42 Again, for the second time, he went away and prayed, “My Father, if this cannot pass unless I drink it, your will be done.” 43 And again he came and found them sleeping, for their eyes were heavy. 44 So, leaving them again, he went away and prayed for the third time, saying the same words again. 45 Then he came to the disciples and said to them, “Sleep and take your rest later on.[b] See, the hour is at hand, and the Son of Man is betrayed into the hands of sinners. 46 Rise, let us be going; see, my betrayer is at hand.”

THE OLD TESTAMENT

In the Jewish tradition, prostration is also mentioned in the Hebrew Bible (the Old Testament). In the Old Testament, there are instances where individuals prostrate themselves before God as an act of reverence and worship. For example, in the book of Genesis, Joseph’s brothers prostrate themselves before him (Genesis 42:6), and in the book of Exodus, Moses and Aaron prostrate themselves before God (Exodus 34:8). Genesis 17:3 states, “And Abram fell on his face: and God talked with him, saying, As for me, behold, my covenant is with thee…” and Exodus 34:8 states, “Moses bowed to the ground at once and worshiped. “Lord,” he said, “if I have found favor in your eyes, then let the Lord go with us.”

Abraham and the Covenant of Circumcision

17 When Abram was ninety-nine years old the Lord appeared to Abram and said to him, “I am God Almighty;[a] walk before me, and be blameless, 2 that I may make my covenant between me and you, and may multiply you greatly.” 3 Then Abram fell on his face. And God said to him, 4 “Behold, my covenant is with you, and you shall be the father of a multitude of nations. 5 No longer shall your name be called Abram,[b] but your name shall be Abraham,[c] for I have made you the father of a multitude of nations. 6 I will make you exceedingly fruitful, and I will make you into nations, and kings shall come from you. 7 And I will establish my covenant between me and you and your offspring after you throughout their generations for an everlasting covenant, to be God to you and to your offspring after you. 8 And I will give to you and to your offspring after you the land of your sojournings, all the land of Canaan, for an everlasting possession, and I will be their God.”

EXODUS 34-8 -The New Stone Tablets

34 The Lord said to Moses, “Chisel out two stone tablets like the first ones, and I will write on them the words that were on the first tablets, which you broke. 2 Be ready in the morning, and then come up on Mount Sinai. Present yourself to me there on top of the mountain. 3 No one is to come with you or be seen anywhere on the mountain; not even the flocks and herds may graze in front of the mountain.”

4 So Moses chiseled out two stone tablets like the first ones and went up Mount Sinai early in the morning, as the Lord had commanded him; and he carried the two stone tablets in his hands. 5 Then the Lord came down in the cloud and stood there with him and proclaimed his name, the Lord. 6 And he passed in front of Moses, proclaiming, “The Lord, the Lord, the compassionate and gracious God, slow to anger, abounding in love and faithfulness, 7 maintaining love to thousands, and forgiving wickedness, rebellion and sin. Yet he does not leave the guilty unpunished; he punishes the children and their children for the sin of the parents to the third and fourth generation.”

8 Moses bowed to the ground at once and worshiped. 9 “Lord,” he said, “if I have found favor in your eyes, then let the Lord go with us. Although this is a stiff-necked people, forgive our wickedness and our sin, and take us as your inheritance.”

WHO IS ALLAH?/ GOD – QURAN KAREEM

Surah Baqarah – Tranlation – 130. Who would forsake the religion of Abraham, except he who fools himself? We chose him in this world, and in the Hereafter he will be among the righteous. 131. When his Lord said to him, “Submit!” He said, “I have submitted to the Lord of the Worlds.” 132. And Abraham exhorted his sons, and Jacob, “O my sons, God has chosen this religion for you, so do not die unless you have submitted.”

133. Or were you witnesses when death approached Jacob, and he said to his sons, “What will you worship after Me?” They said, “We will worship your God, and the God of your fathers, Abraham, Ishmael, and Isaac; One God; and to Him we submit.”

134. That was a community that has passed; for them is what they have earned, and for you is what you have earned; and you will not be questioned about what they used to do.

135. And they say, “Be Jews or Christians, and you will be guided.” Say, “Rather, the religion of Abraham, the Monotheist; he was not an idolater.”

136. Say, “We believe in God; and in what was revealed to us; and in what was revealed to Abraham, and Ishmael, and Isaac, and Jacob, and the Patriarchs; and in what was given to Moses and Jesus; and in what was given to the prophets—from their Lord. We make no distinction between any of them, and to Him we surrender.”

ESTABLISH PRAYER – IN WORSHIP

 Surah Baqarah – 40. O Children of Israel! Remember My blessings which I bestowed upon you, and fulfill your pledge to Me, and I will fulfill My pledge to you, and fear Me. 41. And believe in what I revealed, confirming what is with you; and do not be the first to deny it; and do not exchange My revelations for a small price; and be conscious of Me.

42. And do not mix truth with falsehood, and do not conceal the truth while you know.

43. And attend to your prayers, and practice regular charity, and kneel with those who kneel.

44. Do you command people to virtuous conduct, and forget yourselves, even though you read the Scripture? Do you not understand?

#Muslim, #Prayer, #Bible, #Quotes, #Quran Kareem, Jesus, #Prostration

History, Law, Islam, Religion

Prohibition of Interest/ Riba – Bible and Quran Kareem

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The prohibition of interest (usury, or riba in Islam) forbids charging extra money on a loan, viewing it as exploitative, unjust, or a form of double-charging, with roots in religious texts (Judaism, Christianity, Islam) and early economic philosophy, though modern finance has evolved complex workarounds like profit-sharing or market-rate adjustments, especially in Islamic finance which strictly prohibits guaranteed monetary gain from lending to promote equity and risk-sharing. 

Core Concepts & Reasons

  • Exploitation: Charging interest on money (a consumable good used as a medium of exchange) was seen as getting paid twice for the same thing – the principal and its use, like selling wine and then charging for its use.
  • Social Justice: Prohibition aims to prevent the wealthy from exploiting the needy, fostering charity and discouraging selfishness, creating more equitable economic systems.
  • Religious Mandates:
    • Judaism/Christianity: Biblical texts forbid interest on loans to fellow Israelites, though interpretations varied historically.
    • Islam (Riba): Quranic verses forbid riba (increase/excess), viewing it as unjust gain, making it a major principle in Islamic finance. 

Historical & Modern Context

Early Church: The Catholic Church historically condemned usury, initially applying it mainly to clerics, later extending it to all, with figures like Thomas Aquinas defining it as unjust.

Islamic Finance: Modern Islamic finance avoids riba by using alternative contracts (like profit-sharing or leasing) that align with Sharia law, shifting risk and reward.

Bible – Prohibition of Usury – Quotes

Leviticus 25:37 ESV /

You shall not lend him your money at interest, nor give him your food for profit.

Deuteronomy 23:20 ESV /

You may charge a foreigner interest, but you may not charge your brother interest, that the Lord your God may bless you in all that you undertake in the land that you are entering to take possession of it.

Deuteronomy 15:7-11 ESV / 500 helpful votes 

“If among you, one of your brothers should become poor, in any of your towns within your land that the Lord your God is giving you, you shall not harden your heart or shut your hand against your poor brother, but you shall open your hand to him and lend him sufficient for his need, whatever it may be. Take care lest there be an unworthy thought in your heart and you say, ‘The seventh year, the year of release is near,’ and your eye look grudgingly on your poor brother, and you give him nothing, and he cry to the Lord against you, and you be guilty of sin. You shall give to him freely, and your heart shall not be grudging when you give to him, because for this the Lord your God will bless you in all your work and in all that you undertake. For there will never cease to be poor in the land. Therefore I command you, ‘You shall open wide your hand to your brother, to the needy and to the poor, in your land.’

Nehemiah 5:7 ESV /

I took counsel with myself, and I brought charges against the nobles and the officials. I said to them, “You are exacting interest, each from his brother.” And I held a great assembly against them

Leviticus 25:35-37 ESV /

“If your brother becomes poor and cannot maintain himself with you, you shall support him as though he were a stranger and a sojourner, and he shall live with you. Take no interest from him or profit, but fear your God, that your brother may live beside you. You shall not lend him your money at interest, nor give him your food for profit.

Proverbs 22:7 ESV /

The rich rules over the poor, and the borrower is the slave of the lender.

Exodus 22:25-27 ESV /

“If you lend money to any of my people with you who is poor, you shall not be like a moneylender to him, and you shall not exact interest from him. If ever you take your neighbor’s cloak in pledge, you shall return it to him before the sun goes down, for that is his only covering, and it is his cloak for his body; in what else shall he sleep? And if he cries to me, I will hear, for I am compassionate.

Leviticus 25:36 ESV /

Take no interest from him or profit, but fear your God, that your brother may live beside you.

Matthew 6:24 ESV /

“No one can serve two masters, for either he will hate the one and love the other, or he will be devoted to the one and despise the other. You cannot serve God and money.

Luke 6:38 ESV /

Give, and it will be given to you. Good measure, pressed down, shaken together, running over, will be put into your lap. For with the measure you use it will be measured back to you.”

Nehemiah 5:10-11 ESV /

Moreover, I and my brothers and my servants are lending them money and grain. Let us abandon this exacting of interest. Return to them this very day their fields, their vineyards, their olive orchards, and their houses, and the percentage of money, grain, wine, and oil that you have been exacting from them.”

Matthew 6:12 ESV /

And forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors.

Ezekiel 18:8-9 ESV /

Does not lend at interest or take any profit, withholds his hand from injustice, executes true justice between man and man, walks in my statutes, and keeps my rules by acting faithfully—he is righteous; he shall surely live, declares the Lord God.

1 Samuel 2:7 ESV /

The Lord makes poor and makes rich; he brings low and he exalts.

Matthew 21:12-13 ESV /

And Jesus entered the temple and drove out all who sold and bought in the temple, and he overturned the tables of the money-changers and the seats of those who sold pigeons. He said to them, “It is written, ‘My house shall be called a house of prayer,’ but you make it a den of robbers.” (Notes – that’s because they were exchanging the Roman coins to Jewish coins on Interest);

Source – https://www.openbible.info/topics/usury

QURAN – INTEREST PROHIBITION – Surah Baqarah – 2:275 – 2:279 – Those who Persist will be in the Fire – they will be there forever;

Surah Baqarah 2:275 -2:279; Those who consume interest will stand ˹on Judgment Day˺ like those driven to madness by Satan’s touch. That is because they say, “Trade is no different than interest.” But Allah has permitted trading and forbidden interest. Whoever refrains—after having received warning from their Lord—may keep their previous gains, and their case is left to Allah. As for those who persist, it is they who will be the residents of the Fire. They will be there forever. –

Allah has made interest fruitless and charity fruitful. And Allah does not like any ungrateful evildoer.

Indeed, those who believe, do good, establish prayer, and pay alms-tax will receive their reward from their Lord, and there will be no fear for them, nor will they grieve.

O believers! Fear Allah, and give up outstanding interest if you are ˹true˺ believers.

If you do not, then beware of a war with Allah and His Messenger! But if you repent, you may retain your principal—neither inflicting nor suffering harm.

HADEETH: Muslim (1598) narrated that Jaabir said: The Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) cursed the one who consumes riba and the one who pays it, the one who writes it down and the two who witness it, and he said: they are all the same.

Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allah have mercy on him) said: That is, (they are all the same) in terms of being cursed, because they co-operated in that. End quote from Fataawa Noor ‘ala ad-Darb, 16/2

Imam al-Bukhaari (may Allah have mercy on him) referred to this hadith that was narrated by Imam Muslim in the title which he gave to a chapter of his Saheeh, which he called: Chapter on the one who consumes riba, the one who witnesses it and the one who writes it down.

Then he quoted two hadiths in this chapter, one of which was the hadith of ‘Aa’ishah: When the last part of al-Baqarah was revealed, the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) recited it, then he forbade trade in alcohol. The second hadith is the hadith of Samurah, according to which the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: “Last night, I dreamt that two men came to me and took me out to a sacred land, then we set out until we came to a river of blood in which a man was standing, and on the bank of the river there was another man in front of whom were some rocks. The man who was in the river came, and when he wanted to get out, the (other) man threw a rock in his mouth, and sent him back to where he had been. Every time he came and wanted to get out, he threw a rock into his mouth and sent him back to where he had been. I said: ‘What is this?’ He said: ‘The one who you saw in the river is the one who consumed riba.’

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