Category Archives: History, Law

Biology/Health, History, Law

Type O Blood Type – Indigenous Populations

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Indigenous peoples of the Americas have a historically high frequency of blood type O, with some communities showing nearly universal O type blood, such as the Navajo and Quechua. This genetic trait is linked to an Ancestral Informative Marker (AIM) related to the G542A mutation, which emerged in Beringia during the migration into the Americas from Asia. Scientists continue to study why this genetic uniformity exists, exploring theories about founder effects, adaptation to diseases like malaria, and unique evolutionary histories. 

High Frequency of Type O Blood 

  • Near Universal Presence:Type O blood is a defining feature of many Indigenous populations in the Americas.
  • Examples:Studies have found nearly 100% Type O blood in certain Quechua communities in Peru, while other groups like the Navajo in Arizona and the Yanomami in the Amazon have very high frequencies (99% and 92% respectively).
  • Genetic Origins
  • Beringian Migration:The O blood type gene, specifically the O1V542 allele, is thought to have been selected in the Native American ancestral population during their migration from Asia through Beringia. 
  • Ancestral Informative Marker (AIM):The G542A mutation, found in the ABO gene, is a unique marker in Native American populations and helps trace their genetic origins. 

Scientific Theories and Research

  • Founder Effect:A single founding population could have carried this blood type, leading to its high frequency through genetic drift and isolation. 
  • Disease Resistance:Type O blood is associated with resistance to severe malaria, suggesting a possible evolutionary advantage against this ancient disease in the Americas. 
  • Continued Study:Research continues to investigate the biological and historical reasons behind this genetic uniformity, which offers insights into the peopling of the Americas and human evolution. 

Because group O blood can be received by anyone in a blood transfusion, it was originally thought that this was the ancestral blood type, but more recent work suggests that there are several different mutations that can deactivate the A or B genes to turn them into O. This makes a firm evolutionary timeline much harder to establish and there are several competing theories that contradict each other.

What they agree on is that AB is the most recent and didn’t occur until the 16th Century when group A populations from Europe and group B populations from Asia began to mix. The other blood groups are tens of thousands of years old with B being more recent than A. The oldest group is either group A or one of the forms of group O.

https://www.sciencefocus.com/the-human-body/which-human-blood-group-evolved-first

TYPE O -BLOOD TYPE PROPERTIES

Type O blood lacks A and B antigens, with O-positive being the most common overall type and O-negative being the universal blood donor for emergencies, as its red blood cells can be given to any patient regardless of their blood type. O-positive blood is also in high demand because it can be given to the majority of the population (those with a positive blood type). 

Characteristics of Type O Blood

Antigens: Type O red blood cells do not have the A or B antigens on their surface. 

Rh Factor:

O-positive: Has the Rh factor present on the red blood cells, making it a positive blood type. 

O-negative: Lacks the Rh factor, making it a negative blood type. 

Importance of Type O Blood

  • Universal Donor (O-negative):O-negative blood is crucial for emergency situations when a patient’s blood type is unknown, as it can be given to anyone. 
  • High Demand:Both O-positive and O-negative blood types are in high demand.
    • O-positive: It is the most common blood type in the population and can be transfused to any patient with a positive blood type (A+, B+, AB+, O+). 
    • O-negative: It is in constant demand for critical care, emergency resuscitation, and for immune-deficient newborns. 

Who can receive O blood?

O-negative recipients: can only receive blood from O-negative donor;

O-positive recipients: can receive blood from O-positive or O-negative donors. 

How Blood Type Is Determined And Why You Need To Know – Red Cross – US

Blood types are determined by the presence or absence of certain antigens – substances that can trigger an immune response if they are foreign to the body.  Since some antigens can trigger a patient’s immune system to attack the transfused blood, safe blood transfusions depend on careful blood typing and cross-matching. Do you know what blood type is safe for you if you need a transfusion?

There are four major blood groups determined by the presence or absence of two antigens, A and B, on the surface of red blood cells. In addition to the A and B antigens, there is a protein called the Rh factor, which can be either present (+) or absent (–), creating the 8 most common blood types (A+, A-,  B+, B-,  O+, O-,  AB+, AB-).

What Is A Universal Blood Donor?

Universal donors are those with an O negative blood type.  Why?  O negative blood can be used in transfusions for any blood type.  

Type O is routinely in short supply and in high demand by hospitals – both because it is the most common blood type and because type O negative blood is the universal blood type needed for emergency transfusions and for immune deficient infants.

Approximately 45 percent of Caucasians are type O (positive or negative), but 51 percent of African-Americans and 57 percent of Hispanics are type O. Minority and diverse populations, therefore, play a critical role in meeting the constant need for blood.

Types O negative and O positive are in high demand.  Only 7% of the population are O negative. However, the need for O negative blood is the highest because it is used most often during emergencies. The need for O+ is high because it is the most frequently occurring blood type (37% of the population).

The universal red cell donor has Type O negative blood. The universal plasma donor has Type AB blood. For more about plasma donation, visit the plasma donation facts.

Nearly 16 million blood components are transfused each year in the U.S.”

https://www.redcrossblood.org/donate-blood/blood-types.html

#TypeO Blood, #Blood Types, #Native, #Disease, #Resistance, #Blood Types, #Blood Donations;

History, Law, Language,Rosethorn

What Did the Old gaelic Language sound Like

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Am Learning about different Languages – including Gaelic Spelling – since it seems to be unknown and a bit Aracheaic – as it was repressed under the Crown for hundreds of years; @Language revival; similar history with native Languages in North America; like Ojbwe, cree and the Like – Kids used to be forbidden to speak their own language at school;

IRISH LANGUAGE OVERVIEW

The query “irish officially recognized language 19” does not correspond to a single factual event, but the year 1922 is significant as it was the year the first Irish Constitution was enacted, which established Irish as a “national language” and a “first official language”. This status was reaffirmed in the 1937 Constitution and has been maintained in the Republic of Ireland since. 

KEY POINTS:

1922:The first Irish Constitution recognized the Irish language as the “national language” and a “first official language”. 

Status:Irish remains the national and first official language of the Republic of Ireland. English is recognized as the second official language. 

Official Languages Act (2003):This legislation further solidified the status of the Irish language, requiring public bodies to provide services in Irish. 

European Union:Irish was made an official language of the EU in 2007 and gained full working language status in 2022. 

IRISH/ GAELIC – WIKEPEDIA ARTICLE

Irish (Standard Irish: Gaeilge), also known as Irish Gaelic or simply Gaelic (/ˈɡeɪlɪk/ ⓘ GAY-lik),[4][5][4][6][7][8][9] is a Celtic language of the Indo-European language family that belongs to the Goidelic languages and further to Insular Celtic, and is indigenous to the island of Ireland.[10] It was the majority of the population’s first language until the 19th century, when English gradually became dominant, particularly in the last decades of the century, in what is sometimes characterised as a result of linguistic imperialism. (wkepedia)

Primitive Irish

Written Irish is first attested in Ogham inscriptions from the 4th century AD,[25] a stage of the language known as Primitive Irish. These writings have been found throughout Ireland and the west coast of Great Britain.

Old Irish

Primitive Irish underwent a change into Old Irish through the 5th century. Old Irish, dating from the 6th century, used the Latin alphabet and is attested primarily in marginalia to Latin manuscripts. During this time, the Irish language absorbed some Latin words, some via Old Welsh, including ecclesiastical terms: examples are easpag (bishop) from episcopus, and Domhnach (Sunday, from dominica).

Middle Irish

By the 10th century, Old Irish had evolved into Middle Irish, which was spoken throughout Ireland, the Isle of Man and parts of Scotland. It is the language of a large corpus of literature, including the Ulster Cycle. From the 12th century, Middle Irish began to evolve into modern Irish in Ireland, Scottish Gaelic in Scotland, and Manx on the Isle of Man.

Early Modern Irish

Early Modern Irish, dating from the 13th century, was the basis of the literary language of both Ireland and Gaelic-speaking Scotland.

Modern Irish

Modern Irish, sometimes called Late Modern Irish, as attested in the work of such writers as Geoffrey Keating, is said to date from the 17th century, and was the medium of popular literature from that time on.[26][27]

Decline

From the 18th century on, the language lost ground in the east of the country. The reasons behind this shift were complex but came down to a number of factors:

  • Discouragement of its use by the Anglo-Irish administration.
  • The Catholic Church‘s support of English over Irish.
  • The spread of bilingualism from the 1750s onwards.[28]

Northern Ireland

Main article: Irish language in Northern Ireland

A sign for the Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure in Northern Ireland, in English, Irish and Ulster Scots.

Before the partition of Ireland in 1921, Irish was recognised as a school subject and as “Celtic” in some third level institutions. Between 1921 and 1972, government in Northern Ireland was devolved. During those years, the political party holding power in the Stormont Parliament, the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP), was hostile to the language as it was almost exclusively used by nationalists.[71] In broadcasting, reporting minority cultural issues was prohibited and Irish was excluded from radio and television for almost the first fifty years of the devolved government.[72]

After the 1998 Good Friday Agreement, Irish in Northern Ireland gradually gained a degree of formal recognition from the United Kingdom.[73] Then, in 2003, the British government ratified the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages with respect to the use of Irish in Northern Ireland. In the 2006 St Andrews Agreement, the British government promised to enact legislation to promote the language[74] and in 2022 it approved legislation to recognise Irish as an official language alongside English. The bill received royal assent on 6 December 2022.[2]

The status of Irish has often been used as a bargaining chip during government formation in Northern Ireland, prompting protests from organisations and groups such as An Dream Dearg.[75]

IRISH, LANGUAGE, HISTORY, REPRESSION, SOUNDS;

LANGUAGE REPRESSION IN EX SOVIET UNION – USSR

The USSR significantly repressed local languages through deliberate language policies that promoted Russification and Cyrillicization, especially in the late 1930s, to foster political unity and eliminate nationalist sentiments. Early efforts included shifting away from Arabic and Latin scripts to Cyrillic for Turkic and other languages, severing cultural ties and enhancing control. Later policies mandated Russian as a compulsory school subject, suppressed local media and publications, and purged non-Russian national elites accused of fostering division. 

Early Soviet Period (Post-1917):

  • “Korenizatsiia” (Indigenization):Initially, the Soviet government promoted some national languages and scripts (e.g., Latin for Turkic languages) to foster support and identity among ethnic groups, a policy known as korenizatsiia. 
  • Break from Religious Scripts:This included abolishing the Arabic script in the Caucasus and Central Asia, designed to distance Muslim populations from their religious heritage. 
  • Shift Towards Russification and Cyrillicization (Late 1930s Onward): Mandatory Cyrillicization:By 1939–1940, the policy reversed, mandating Cyrillic for languages like Tatar, Kazakh, Uzbek, and Azerbaijani, thereby increasing assimilation with Russian. 
  • Political Motivation:This change was driven by a desire to build a unified Soviet state, counter perceived threats from nationalist movements, and solidify control. 
  • Purge of National Elites:Local leaders who championed their languages and cultures were purged between 1933 and 1938, with accusations that they were agents of foreign powers aiming to dismember the USSR. 

Russification in Education and Culture:

  • Russian Language Education:Russian became compulsory in all Soviet schools, reflecting its dominance in administration, politics, and commerce. 
  • Suppression of Media:The state tightly controlled printing presses and typewriters to prevent the spread of unauthorized publications in non-Russian languages. 
  • Prohibition of “Samizdat”:The illegal circulation of literature and texts outside official channels (samizdat) was severely suppressed. 

Long-Term Consequences:

Decline of Non-Russian Languages:The policies led to a decline in the use of many native languages, particularly among younger generations, and a widespread adoption of Russian as a second language. 

  • Late Soviet Period Nuances:Despite these efforts, in the final decades of the USSR, non-Russian languages continued to thrive for their native speakers, coexisting with the almost universal use of Russian in public life, though there were attempts in the late 1970s to remove native languages from official status in some republics, which led to protests. 

SOVIET UNION – LANGUAGE SUPPRESSION

CANADA – INDIGENOUS LANGUAGES – SUPPRESSION – INDIAN ACT

Language repression in Canada involved colonial policies like the Indian Act and the residential school system, which forcibly prohibited Indigenous languages and punished children for speaking them, leading to widespread cultural loss and intergenerational trauma. This systemic suppression aimed to assimilate Indigenous peoples into Canadian society, resulting in the endangerment and potential extinction of many Indigenous languages today. Efforts to counter this legacy include the Indigenous Languages Act of 2019, funding for revitalization programs, and community-led initiatives to restore pride and pass languages to future generations.
 

The Historical Context of Language Repression

Residential Schools:A primary tool of assimilation was the residential school system, which removed Indigenous children from their families and communities. 

Prohibition and Punishment:Students were forbidden to speak their mother tongues and faced severe punishment for doing so. 

Cultural Genocide:This was a deliberate attempt to destroy Indigenous cultures by silencing their languages, which is a form of cultural genocide. 

Indian Act:This legislation and associated colonial policies further reinforced the ban on Indigenous languages and traditions, contributing to their decline. 

IMPACT OF LANGUAGE REPRESSION

  • Endangered Languages:The systemic repression has led to a crisis where many of the original sixty-plus Indigenous languages are now endangered or at risk of extinction. 
  • Intergenerational Trauma:The fear of punishment, the loss of fluency, and the shame associated with not being able to speak one’s language has contributed to significant intergenerational trauma and negative health outcomes. 
  • Cultural Loss:Many words, traditions, and knowledge systems embedded in Indigenous languages have been lost or silenced. 

Revitalization and Reclamation Efforts

REVITALIZATION AND RECLAMATION EFFORTS:

Indigenous Languages Act:In 2019, Canada passed the Indigenous Languages Act to support the preservation, revitalization, and strengthening of Indigenous languages. 

Funding and Resources: Government funding and community-led initiatives provide resources for language programs, such as immersion schools, educational materials, and digital resources. 

Community Involvement: Elders, language speakers, educators, and communities are actively working to revitalize languages through “language nests,” classrooms, and online platforms. 

Promoting Pride and Healing: These efforts aim to restore cultural pride, rebuild self-esteem, and ease the intergenerational trauma caused by past policie

History, Law, Islam, Religion

Do Not Marry Polytheists- Quran &Bible Verses – The Veil

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Do not marry polytheistic women until they believe; for a believing slave-woman is better than a free polytheist, even though she may look pleasant to you. And do not marry your women to polytheistic men until they believe, for a believing slave-man is better than a free polytheist, even though he may look pleasant to you. They invite ˹you˺ to the Fire while Allah invites ˹you˺ to Paradise and forgiveness by His grace.1 He makes His revelations clear to the people so perhaps they will be mindful. – Quran Kareem

Surah Maidah – table Spread 5:5 – Muslim men may marry Women from Alhul Kitab (people of the Book)- Christian and Jewish women – as they are Head of the Family – but not vice-versa (no Muslim woman can marry from Ahlul Kitab) – due to them still believeing in Allah azza wa Jal/ God AllMighty; this is also for Non Muslim women to Know if they Christian and/ or Jewish and Chaste marriage to a Muslim men is allowed – but not for any other beliefs – as well if someone does not propose to your right away- as you meet – they have Wring intention – as dating is not allowed in Islam. – so you are aware if some man may want to use and leave you;

Surah Maidah 5:5 – Today all good, pure foods have been made lawful for you. Similarly, the food of the People of the Book1 is permissible for you and yours is permissible for them. And ˹permissible for you in marriage˺ are chaste believing women as well as chaste women of those given the Scripture before you—as long as you pay them their dowries in wedlock, neither fornicating nor taking them as mistresses. And whoever rejects the faith, all their good deeds will be void ˹in this life˺ and in the Hereafter they will be among the losers.

The Veil

There is no blame on the Prophet’s wives ˹if they appear unveiled˺ before their fathers,1 their sons, their brothers, their brothers’ sons, their sisters’ sons, their fellow ˹Muslim˺ women, and those ˹bondspeople˺ in their possession. And be mindful of Allah ˹O wives of the Prophet!˺ Surely Allah is a Witness over all things. (Al-Ahzab 33:55)

And tell the believing women to lower their gaze and guard their chastity, and not to reveal their adornments1 except what normally appears.2 Let them draw their veils over their chests, and not reveal their ˹hidden˺ adornments3 except to their husbands, their fathers, their fathers-in-law, their sons, their stepsons, their brothers, their brothers’ sons or sisters’ sons, their fellow women, those ˹bondwomen˺ in their possession, male attendants with no desire, or children who are still unaware of women’s nakedness. Let them not stomp their feet, drawing attention to their hidden adornments. Turn to Allah in repentance all together, O  believers, so that you may be successful. (An-Nur 24:31)

But if any of you cannot afford to marry a free believing woman, then ˹let him marry˺ a believing bondwoman possessed by one of you. Allah knows best ˹the state of˺ your faith ˹and theirs˺. You are from one another.1 So marry them with the permission of their owners,2 giving them their dowry in fairness, if they are chaste, neither promiscuous nor having secret affairs. If they commit indecency after marriage, they receive half the punishment of free women.3 This is for those of you who fear falling into sin. But if you are patient, it is better for you. And Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful. (An-Nisa 4:25)

so that Allah will punish hypocrite men and women and polytheistic men and women, and Allah will turn in mercy to believing men and women. For Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful.1 (Al-Ahzab 33:73)

Men are the caretakers of women, as men have been provisioned by Allah over women and tasked with supporting them financially. And righteous women are devoutly obedient and, when alone, protective of what Allah has entrusted them with.1 And if you sense ill-conduct from your women, advise them ˹first˺, ˹if they persist,˺ do not share their beds, ˹but if they still persist,˺ then discipline them ˹gently˺.2 But if they change their ways, do not be unjust to them. Surely Allah is Most High, All-Great. (An-Nisa 4:34)

* Do Not Marry Idolaters – Bible Verses

Deuteronomy 7:1-4 ESV / 51 helpful votes 

“When the Lord your God brings you into the land that you are entering to take possession of it, and clears away many nations before you, the Hittites, the Girgashites, the Amorites, the Canaanites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites, seven nations more numerous and mightier than you, and when the Lord your God gives them over to you, and you defeat them, then you must devote them to complete destruction. You shall make no covenant with them and show no mercy to them. You shall not intermarry with them, giving your daughters to their sons or taking their daughters for your sons, for they would turn away your sons from following me, to serve other gods. Then the anger of the Lord would be kindled against you, and he would destroy you quickly.

Now in Islam we do not say Prophet Solomon’s Heart turned after other “gods” – however the pirbicple is there; technically if you look at most Bible Verses and Quran Kareem you will realize the Source of Revelation is the same (Allah- saw- God AllMighty)

2 Corinthians 6:14-16 it reads:

14 Do not be unequally yoked together with unbelievers. For what fellowship has righteousness with lawlessness? And what communion has light with darkness? 15 And what accord has Christ with Belial? Or what part has a believer with an unbeliever? 16 And what agreement has the temple of God with idols? For you[b] are the temple of the living God. As God has said: I will dwell in them And walk among them. I will be their God, And they shall be My people. NKJV

#marriage # believers #not with #polytheists #Islam; #Bible

Jacob Marries Leah and Rachel (Marriage in general)

New American Standard Bible 1995 – Jacob and Rachel marriage – but he way he married Leah first (did not remove her Veil)- so then later on after many more years married Rachel, the mother of Yusuf/ Joseph (aleihis Salam) – as she was the younger sister; hence Lifting the Veil in marriage idea; The Veil; some jewish weddings still have the Face cover in weddings in present day;

?????????

There is a custom practiced during Jewish weddings known as the “bedeken”, or the “veiling”. Before the wedding ceremony, the groom goes to the room where his bride is sitting on a throne, and he covers her face with a veil. Her face remains covered during the entire chupah ceremony. Yet, at the end, it was Leah who became Jacob’s primary wife. Rachel died at a young age, so that most of Jacob’s married life was actually spent with Leah. In addition to this, it was Leah who mothered most of Jacob’s children, the future tribes of Israel and it was she, not Rachel, who ultimately was buried with Jacob in the Cave of Machpela in Hebron.

One of the traditional explanations for this custom is that it commemorates the event that occurred during Jacob’s wedding ceremony. Since Jacob’s bride was veiled, he did not realize that he was marrying the wrong woman. But if that is the reason, shouldn’t the custom be that the groom uncovers his bride’s face to make sure that he is marrying the bride of his choice? Why are we commemorating at each of our weddings this terrible episode that occurred to poor Jacob?

Genesis 29 15-28 – Prophet Yaqub/ Jacob(Alayhis Salam) marriages with Leah, then Rachel

After Jacob had stayed with him for a whole month, 15 Laban said to him, “Just because you are a relative of mine, should you work for me for nothing? Tell me what your wages should be.” 16 Now Laban had two daughters; the name of the older was Leah, and the name of the younger was Rachel. 17 Leah had weak[a] eyes, but Rachel had a lovely figure and was beautiful. 18 Jacob was in love with Rachel and said, “I’ll work for you seven years in return for your younger daughter Rachel.”

19 Laban said, “It’s better that I give her to you than to some other man. Stay here with me.” 20 So Jacob served seven years to get Rachel, but they seemed like only a few days to him because of his love for her. 21 Then Jacob said to Laban, “Give me my wife. My time is completed, and I want to make love to her.” 22 So Laban brought together all the people of the place and gave a feast. 23 But when evening came, he took his daughter Leah and brought her to Jacob, and Jacob made love to her. 24 And Laban gave his servant Zilpah to his daughter as her attendant.

25 When morning came, there was Leah! So Jacob said to Laban, “What is this you have done to me? I served you for Rachel, didn’t I? Why have you deceived me?” 26 Laban replied, “It is not our custom here to give the younger daughter in marriage before the older one. 27 Finish this daughter’s bridal week; then we will give you the younger one also, in return for another seven years of work.”

28 And Jacob did so. He finished the week with Leah, and then Laban gave him his daughter Rachel to be his wife. 29 Laban gave his servant Bilhah to his daughter Rachel as her attendant. 30 Jacob made love to Rachel also, and his love for Rachel was greater than his love for Leah. And he worked for Laban another seven years. – but he lifted the Marriage Veil the second time *(yes women mostly used to cover their faces in public)

Notes: back then Men had to pay and work for women in or for marriage – there is “no free lunch” – so well that technically explains the Failure of most marriages today – where women split bills 50/50 – or pay too many bills – well How do you expect they make Good wives and mothers withh al that Stress – therefore the moral and societal decadence has somethings to do with the No Family/ mixed family structure of modern times.

History, Law

Crime Stoppers – Canada

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https://www.222tips.com/contact

The Odd Times when you need the Cops

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Also the Odd Times when you need to call CAS – am not recommending that on “rumours: – just on very Serious Cases when Kids are actually in Danger;

TORONTO, Feb. 8, 2022 /CNW/ – During February, we often celebrate idyllic notions of love and romance, but just one week after Valentine’s Day, we also mark a milestone that reveals the toxic side of human relationships.

February 22 is National Human Trafficking Awareness Day. This year, The Canadian Centre to End Human Trafficking (The Centre) – a national charitable organization dedicated to ending human trafficking – is educating Canadians on the issue of sex trafficking and sharing how all Canadians can make a difference by focusing on healthy relationships and discussing the topic with loved ones. The Centre is also raising awareness of its Canadian Human Trafficking Hotline, a confidential service that provides information and support at 1-833-900-1010. Since most calls to the Hotline involve sex trafficking, The Centre is spotlighting this aspect of the issue which predominantly impacts young people.

#Crime Stoppers, #CAS, #Canada , #Agencies #Anti Human Trafficking Hotline

History, Law

Toronto Police – Non Emergency # *877

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Toronto police have launched a new three-digit number that can now be used to call the force’s non-emergency line.

Police say the *877 feature allows residents using wireless devices to reach non-emergency services using an easy-to-remember number.

They say the three-digit number works exclusively on wireless devices on Rogers, Bell, TELUS and Freedom Mobile networks and their subsidiary companies.

Police say residents using landlines can continue to contact the non-emergency line’s full phone number, 416-808-2222.

Toronto police say the new number comes after a 2022 auditor general audit of the force’s 911 service that recommended police consider a shorter non-emergency phone number that is easier for residents to remember.

Police are reminding the public to dial 911 only in emergencies that require immediate help from police, fire or ambulance services.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Aug. 8, 2025.

The Canadian Press

History, Law, Islam, Religion

When Women became Muslim- Testimony

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60:12 O Prophet, when the believing women come to you pledging to you translate in arabic

» tafsir Tafheem-ul-Quran ,Maududi

ياأيها النبي إذا جاءك المؤمنات يبايعنك على أن لا يشركن بالله شيئا ولا يسرقن ولا يزنين ولا يقتلن أولادهن ولا يأتين ببهتان يفترينه بين أيديهن وأرجلهن ولا يعصينك في معروف فبايعهن واستغفر لهن الله إن الله غفور رحيم سورة: الممتحنة – آية: ( 12 )  – جزء: ( 28 )  –  صفحة: ( 551 )

Almuntakhab Fi Tafsir Alquran Alkarim

O you the Prophet: If emigrating women who conformed to Islam come to you and pledge before Allah their vows to you that: they will not incorporate with Allah other deities, they will not steal, nor will they commit adultery nor infanticide, they will not speak or utter slanders nor relate falsehood, they will not conceive an illegitimate child and make the husband believe it is his, nor will they disobey you in matters crowned with equity; then you accept their pledge and invoke on their behalf Allahs forgiveness, for He is indeed Ghafurun and Rahimun

Tafseer Tafheem-ul-Quran by Syed Abu-al-A’la Maududi

(60:12) O Prophet, when believing women come to you and pledge *18 to you that they will not associate aught with Allah in His Divinity, that they will not steal, *19 that they will not commit illicit sexual intercourse, that they will not kill their children, *20 that they will not bring forth a calumny between their hands and feet, *21 and that they will not disobey you in anything known to be good, *22 then accept their allegiance *23 and ask Allah to forgive them. Surely Allah is Most Forgiving, Most Compassionate.

O Prophet, when the believing women come to you pledging to you meaning

*18) As we have explained above, this verse was sent down some time before the conquest of Makkah. After the conquest the Quraish stated coming to the Holy Prophet in large numbers to take the oath of allegiance. From the men he took the oath himself on Mount Safa, As for the woman he appointed Hadrat ‘Umar to administer the oath to them on his behalf and to ask them to pledge that they would refrain from the things mentioned in this verse. (Ibn Jarir, on the authority Of Ibn ‘Abbas; Ibn Abi Hatim, on the authority of Qatadah). Then. on his return to Madinah he ordered the Muslim women of Madinah to be gathered together in a house and he sent Hadrat Umar to take the oath from them. (Ibn Jarir, Ibn Marduyah, Bazzar, Ibn Hibban, on the authority of Umm ‘Atiyyah Ansariah). On the ‘Id day also, after his address to men, he went to the assembly of women and in his sermon to than he recited this verse and asked them to pledge that they would refrain from the things mentioned in it. (Bukhari on the authority of Ibn `Abbas’s tradition). Apart from these occasions. at different other tithes also, the women came before the Holy Prophet individually as well as collectively to take the oath of allegiance, as mentioned in several Ahadith.


*19) In Makkah, when the oath of allegiance was being administered, Hind bint `Utbah. wife of Abu Sufyan, asked the Nabi- Prophet its explanation and said: “Messenger of Allah, Abu Sufyan is rather stingy. Will it be sinful if I take out something from his wealth without his permission to meet my own and my children’s needs?” The Holy Prophet replied: “Nay, but only ,lastly and lawfully; i.e. take only that much as may actually suffice for your needs.” (Ibn al–‘Arabi, Ahkam al-Qur’an).


*20) This also includes abortion, whether ii is abortion of the legitimate or of the illegitimate foetus.
*21) This implies two kinds of calumny: (1) a woman’s accusing other women of having illicit relations with other men and her spreading such stories among the people, for the women are generally prone to spreading such things; and (2) a woman’s delivering a child by somebody else and making her husband believe that it is his. Abu Da’ud has related a tradition from Abu Hurairah saying that he heard the Holy Prophet say: “The woman who brings such a child into a family as does not actually belong to it, has no connection with Allah, and Allah will never admit her to Paradise.”


*22) In this brief sentence two important points of the law have been stated:
First, that obedience even to the Holy Prophet (upon whom be Allah s peace) has boon restricted to “in what is good”, although about the Holy Prophet no one could imagine that he would order somebody 10 do an evil From this it automatically follows that no one in the world can be obeyed outside the bounds of Divine law. For when obedience to Allah’s Messenger-himself is conditional upon “in what is good”. who else can have a position to demand unconditional obedience and require the people to obey and follow each of his commands laws, rules or customs, which are opposed to the law of Allah? The Nabi- Prophet (upon whom be Allah’s peace) has stated this principle, thus: “There is no obedience in the disobedience of Allah; obedience is only in what is good and right.” (Muslim, Abu Da’ud, Nasa’i). Our great doctors have derived this very theme from this verse, Hadrat ‘Abdur Rehman bin Zaid bin Aslam says:
“Allah has not said that they should not disobey you (the Holy Prophet) but that they should not disobey you in what is good.
Then, when Allah Almighty has made obedience even to the Holy Prophet himself conditional upon this, how can another person have the right that he should be obeyed in anything but what is good?” (Ibn Jarir).


Imam Abu Bakr al-Jassas writes:
“Allah knew that His Prophet never enjoined anything but what was good. Still He restricted obedience to him only in what is good, so that no one ever may find a provision to obey the kings when they enjoined something outside the obedience of AIIah. The Holy Prophet (upon whom be Allah’s peace) has said: ‘He who obeys a creature in disobedience to the Creator, Allah appoints the. same c creature over him in power’ . ” (Ahkam al-Qur an).
‘Allama Alusi says:
“This command refutes the view of those ignorant people who think that obedience to the ruler is absolutely necessary. Allah has restricted even obedience to His Messenger only in what is good, whereas the Messenger never enjoins anything but what is good. This is meant to wam the people that obedience to no one is lawful in disobedience to the Creator. ” (Ruh al-Ma ani).
Thus, this command in fact, is the foundation stone of the rule of law in Islam. The rule is that anything which is opposed to the law of Islam is a crime, and no one has the right to enjoin any such thing on any one. Anyone who enjoins anything against the law, is a culprit; and the one who obeys such a command is . also a culprit. No subordinate can escape the punishment on the basis of the excuse that his superior officer had ordered him to do something which was a crime in the law.

#Muslim #Women #Testimony #Requirements #Islam #Quran #Legislation

History, Law, Library, Religion

Jesus in Quran Kareem – some Verses

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The angels said, “O Mary, God has chosen you, and has purified you. He has chosen you over all the women of the world.

43. “O Mary, be devoted to your Lord, and bow down, and kneel with those who kneel.”

44. These are accounts from the Unseen, which We reveal to you. You were not with them when they cast their lots as to which of them would take charge of Mary; nor were you with them as they quarreled.

45. The Angels said, “O Mary, God gives you good news of a Word from Him. His name is the Messiah, Jesus, son of Mary, well-esteemed in this world and the next, and one of the nearest.

46. He will speak to the people from the crib, and in adulthood, and will be one of the righteous.”

47. She said, “My Lord, how can I have a child, when no man has touched me?” He said, “It will be so. God creates whatever He wills. To have anything done, He only says to it, ‘Be,’ and it is.”

48. And He will teach him the Scripture and wisdom, and the Torah and the Gospel.

49. A messenger to the Children of Israel: “I have come to you with a sign from your Lord. I make for you out of clay the figure of a bird; then I breathe into it, and it becomes a bird by God’s leave. And I heal the blind and the leprous, and I revive the dead, by God’s leave. And I inform you concerning what you eat, and what you store in your homes. In that is a sign for you, if you are believers.”

50. “And verifying what lies before me of the Torah, and to make lawful for you some of what was forbidden to you. I have come to you with a sign from your Lord; so fear God, and obey me.”

51. “God is my Lord and your Lord, so worship Him. That is a straight path.”

Jesus in Quran Kareem – surah Maryam Verses

16. And mention in the Scripture Mary, when she withdrew from her people to an eastern location. 17. She screened herself away from them, and We sent to her Our spirit, and He appeared to her as an immaculate human. 18. She said, “I take refuge from you in the Most Merciful, should you be righteous.” 19. He said, “I am only the messenger of your Lord, to give you the gift of a pure son.” 20. She said, “How can I have a son, when no man has touched me, and I was never unchaste?” 21. He said, “Thus said your Lord, `It is easy for Me, and We will make him a sign for humanity, and a mercy from Us. It is a matter already decided.’“ 22. So she carried him, and secluded herself with him in a remote place. 23. The labor-pains came upon her, by the trunk of a palm-tree. She said, “I wish I had died before this, and been completely forgotten.” 24. Whereupon he called her from beneath her: “Do not worry; your Lord has placed a stream beneath you. 25. And shake the trunk of the palm-tree towards you, and it will drop ripe dates by you.” 26. “So eat, and drink, and be consoled. And if you see any human, say, ‘I have vowed a fast to the Most Gracious, so I will not speak to any human today.’“ 27. Then she came to her people, carrying him. They said, “O Mary, you have done something terrible. 28. O sister of Aaron, your father was not an evil man, and your mother was not unchaste.” 29. So she pointed to him. They said, “How can we speak to an infant in the crib?” 30. He said, “I am the servant of God. He has given me the Scripture, and made me a prophet. 31. And has made me blessed wherever I may be; and has enjoined on me prayer and charity, so long as I live. 32. And kind to my mother, and He did not make me a disobedient rebel. 33. So Peace is upon me the day I was born, and the day I die, and the Day I get resurrected alive.” 34. That is Jesus son of Mary—the Word of truth about which they doubt. 35. It is not for God to have a child—glory be to Him. To have anything done, He says to it, “Be,” and it becomes. 36. “God is my Lord and your Lord, so worship Him. That is a straight path.”

https://www.clearquran.com/019.html – surah Maryam/ Mary – Quran Kareem

Surah An Nisaa’ – The Women

150. Those who disbelieve in God and His messengers, and want to separate between God and His messengers, and say, “We believe in some, and reject some,” and wish to take a path in between.

151. These are the unbelievers, truly. We have prepared for the unbelievers a shameful punishment.

152. As for those who believe in God and His messengers, and make no distinction between any of them—He will give them their rewards. God is Forgiver and Merciful.

153. The People of the Scripture challenge you to bring down to them a book from the sky. They had asked Moses for something even greater. They said, “Show us God plainly.” The thunderbolt struck them for their wickedness. Then they took the calf for worship, even after the clear proofs had come to them. Yet We pardoned that, and We gave Moses a clear authority.

154. And We raised the Mount above them in accordance with their covenant, and We said to them, “Enter the gate humbly”, and We said to them, “Do not violate the Sabbath”, and We received from them a solemn pledge.

155. But for their violation of their covenant, and their denial of God’s revelations, and their killing of the prophets unjustly, and their saying, “Our minds are closed.” In fact, God has sealed them for their disbelief, so they do not believe, except for a few.

156. And for their faithlessness, and their saying against Mary a monstrous slander.

157. And for their saying, “We have killed the Messiah, Jesus, the son of Mary, the Messenger of God.” In fact, they did not kill him, nor did they crucify him, but it appeared to them as if they did. Indeed, those who differ about him are in doubt about it. They have no knowledge of it, except the following of assumptions. Certainly, they did not kill him.

158. Rather, God raised him up to Himself. God is Mighty and Wise.

159. There is none from the People of the Scripture but will believe in him before his death, and on the Day of Resurrection he will be a witness against them.

160. Due to wrongdoing on the part of the Jews, We forbade them good things that used to be lawful for them; and for deterring many from God’s path.

161. And for their taking usury, although they were forbidden it; and for their consuming people’s wealth dishonestly. We have prepared for the faithless among them a painful torment.

162. But those among them firmly rooted in knowledge, and the believers, believe in what was revealed to you, and in what was revealed before you; and the observers of prayers, and the givers of charity, and the believers in God and the Last Day—upon these We will bestow an immense reward.

#Jesus #Prophet #Mary/ Maryam #Quran Kareem #Islam

History, Law

Ontario Courts – Case Lists

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View Tomorrow’s Court Lists (Dockets) – Monday July 14, 2025

Welcome. This website publishes the daily court lists for the Superior Court of Justice (Ontario) and the Ontario Court of Justice.

The daily court lists include the case name, time, room number and reason for the court appearance. For criminal matters in the Ontario Court of Justice, the docket number will also be displayed under the Docket Line column. For civil, criminal and family matters in the Superior Court of Justice, matters in the Small Claims Court and family matters in the Ontario Court of Justice, the Method of Attendance will display how a particular case will be heard (e.g. by videoconference, teleconference, attendance or hybrid). Definitions of each of the appearance methods are found in the FAQ section of this site.

NEW – The Daily Court Lists website now posts case information for two days. You are on the page that will take you to information about today’s cases. To see case information for tomorrow, please see Tomorrow’s court lists (dockets). Note that case information changes at 8 am each day (i.e. at 8 am, the cases listed under “today’s court lists” will be updated to show the current day’s cases).

Important: If you have been served with a summons, or otherwise notified that you are required to attend court, you must attend court, even if your name does not appear on a list. Failure to attend may result in a warrant for your arrest, dismissal of your case or the case proceeding in your absence. You may be able to attend court by video (over the internet) or over the telephone, rather than in person.

To get started, please read the terms and conditions that apply to using the website and, if you agree, click on “I AGREE”

https://www.ontariocourtdates.ca

History, Law

Criminal Record Checks and Peace Bonds

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There are 3 kinds of police record checks:

  • a criminal record check
  • a criminal record and judicial matters check
  • a vulnerable sector record check

A peace bond won’t appear on your criminal record. It will appear on your criminal record and judicial matters check and vulnerable sector record check for as long as it is in effect.

Criminal record checks

A peace bond doesn’t appear on your criminal record. And, entering into a peace bond doesn’t give you a criminal record. One of the reasons you may agree to a peace bond is to avoid a criminal record or conviction.

But, be aware if you don’t follow the conditions of your peace bond, you may be charged with a criminal offence. If you’re found guilty, you could go to jail, and get a criminal record.

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History, Law, Islam, Religion

25 Prophets in Quran Kareem

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The 25 prophets mentioned in Quran Kareem include: Adam, Idris (Enoch), Nuh (Noah), Hud (Heber), Saleh (Methusaleh), Lut (Lot), Ibrahim (Abraham), Ismail (Ishmael), Ishaq (Isaac), Yaqub (Jacob), Yusuf (Joseph), Shu’aib (Jethro), Ayyub (Job), Dhulkifl (Ezekiel), Musa (Moses), Harun (Aaron), Dawud (David), Sulayman (Solomon), Ilyas (Elias), Alyasa (Elisha), Yunus (Jonah), Zakariya (Zachariah), Yahya (John the Baptist), Isa (Jesus) and Muhammad. Peace be upon them all. In 25 Prophets of Islam you will learn: 1. That God is one. 

#25 Prophets in Islam

Surah Baqarah 136 – Say, ˹O believers,˺ “We believe in Allah and what has been revealed to us; and what was revealed to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and his descendants; and what was given to Moses, Jesus, and other prophets from their Lord. We make no distinction between any of them. And to Allah we all submit.”

“and We sent Our messengers in succession: whenever a messenger came to a community they invariably called him a liar, so We destroyed them one after the other and made them into cautionary tales. Away with the disbelievers!” (Qur’an 23:44)

إِنَّا أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ كَمَا أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَى نُوحٍ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ وَأَوْحَيْنَا إِلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ وَالْأَسْبَاطِ وَعِيسَى وَأَيُّوبَ وَيُونُسَ وَهَارُونَ وَسُلَيْمَانَ وَآَتَيْنَا دَاوُودَ زَبُورًا . وَرُسُلًا قَدْ قَصَصْنَاهُمْ عَلَيْكَ مِنْ قَبْلُ وَرُسُلًا لَمْ نَقْصُصْهُمْ عَلَيْكَ وَكَلَّمَ اللَّهُ مُوسَى تَكْلِيمًا

“We have sent revelation to you [Prophet] as We did to Noah and the prophets after him, to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and the Tribes, to Jesus, Job, Jonah, Aaron, and Solomon- to David We gave the book [of Psalms]- to other messengers We have already mentioned to you, and also to some We have not. To Moses God spoke directly.” (Qur’an 4:163-164)

Allah Almighty also says in surah Fatir, ayah 24

إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ بِالْحَقِّ بَشِيراً وَنَذِيراً وَإِنْ مِنْ أُمَّةٍ إِلَّا خَلا فِيهَا نَذِيرٌ

“We have sent you with the Truth as a bearer of good news and warning– every community has been sent a warner.” (Qur’an 35:24) (News of Paradise for the Believers and HellFire for the Disbelievers);

All prophets in Islam came with the message of Tawhid (Oneness of God – wroshipping God Alone). It was only a difference in the Shariah (commandments and laws) of each Divine religion that set it apart from the others. It should be noted that all prophets propagated the same message of Islam throughout all ages, Tawhid, which is the core of all Divine religions. Allah Almighty mentions in the Qur’an:

وَلَقَدْ بَعَثْنَا فِي كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ رَسُولًا أَنِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَاجْتَنِبُوا الطَّاغُوتَ

“We sent a messenger to every community, saying, ‘Worship God and shun false gods.’”(Qur’an 16:36)

Number of Prophets

عن أبي ذر قال : قلت :  يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَمِ الْأَنْبِيَاءُ ؟  قَالَ: ( مِائَةُ أَلْفٍ وَعِشْرُونَ أَلْفًا)، قُلْتُ :يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَمِ الرُّسُلُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَ : (ثَلَاثُ مِائَةٍ وَثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ جَمًّا غَفِيرًا)، قَالَ قُلْتُ : يَا  رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَنْ كَانَ أَوَّلُهُمْ ؟ قَالَ : (آدَمُ …. ) رواه ابن حبان 361

It was narrated that Abu Dharr said: I said: O Messenger of Allah, how many Prophets were there? He said: “One hundred and twenty-four thousand.” I said: O Messenger of Allah, how many of them were Messengers? He said: “Three hundred and thirteen, a good number.” I said: O Messenger of Allah, who was the first of them? He said: “Adam.” … (Narrated by Ibn Hibbaan, 361) – not all of the Prophets were mentioned in Quran Kareem (Nobel Qur’an)- only the greatest among them -or the ones who faced most challenges or brought new Legislation;

Ar-Rasul and An-Nabi   الرسول والنبي

Before diving into the depths of learning more about the prophets, it’s important that we define the terms رسول (Rasul) and نبي (Nabi). While the term prophet is commonly used in the English language, Arabic language differentiates between the two. A Nabi is generally known as someone who preaches the word of Allah Almighty but brings no new source of sharia’s for his people.  He follows the commands of the previous book of guidance. A Rasul meanwhile is given a new source of guidance by Allah Almighty for his people. For example, Musa (Moses) be peace be upon him, was given the Torah as a source of guidance for the people of Israel and those prophets who followed him used Torah as a source of guidance without the addition of any new commandments.

#genealogy of #Prophets based on history, #Quran and Hadeeth; #Monotheism

History, Law, Islam, Religion

Sun Prostrates under the Arsh/ Throne of Allah(swa)

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SUN PROSTRATES UNDER ALLAH(SWA) ARSH/ THRONE – Hadith; Narrated Abu Dhar: The Prophet (ﷺ) asked me at sunset, “Do you know where the sun goes (at the time of sunset)?” I replied, “Allah and His Apostle know better.” He said, “It goes (i.e. travels) till it prostrates Itself underneath the Throne and takes the permission to rise again, and it is permitted and then (a time will come when) it will be about to prostrate itself but its prostration will not be accepted, and it will ask permission to go on its course but it will not be permitted, but it will be ordered to return whence it has come and so it will rise in the west. And that is the interpretation of the Statement of Allah: “And the sun Runs its fixed course For a term (decreed). that is The Decree of (Allah) The Exalted in Might, The All- Knowing.” (36.38) – Sahih al-Bukhari 3199 Hadith on Signs:

FAITH OF NO BENEFIT AFTER SEEING 3 SIGNS: Abu Huraira reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “When three signs appear, no soul will benefit from its faith if it did not already believe or earn good by its faith: the rising of the sun from the west, the False Messiah, and the beast from the earth.” Source: Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 158 SUN WILL BE LOWERED IN JUDGEMENT DAY- 1 MILE: Abu Umamah reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “The sun will be lowered on the Day of Resurrection to the distance of a mile and its heat will be increased by as much. It will boil skulls just like the boiling of pots. They will sweat by the measure of their sins. Among them are those to whom it will reach their ankles, among them are those to whom it will reach their shins, among them are those to whom it will reach their midsections, and among them are those who are subsumed in sweat.” Source: Musnad Aḥmad 22186

#Sun; #Islam; #Prostrates under the Arsh; #Hadith; #Judgement Day;

History, Law, Islam, Religion

Kitab at Taheed – Islamic Monotheism – ch 37

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Allah’s Words: ” Do You Not See Those Who Claim That They Believe in What Was Revealed to You and to Those Before You? They Wish to Resort to At-Taaghoot for Judgement…”

” Do you not see those who claim that they believe in what was revealed to you and to those before you? They wish to resort to At-Taaghoot for Judgement” (Qur’an 4:60)

In this verse, Allah , Most High, rebukes those hypocrites who pretend to believe in the Revelations sent down to the Messengers, but then make their hypocrisy clear by referring their disputes for judgement to other than Allah and His Messenger (may Peace Be Upon Him), contradicting their claims of faith, for they were ordered in the Last Revelation to reject the judgement of all, save Allah and His Messenger (may Peace Be Upon Him); but Satan – may Allah curse him – makes their deviation from the Law of Allah in favour of the opinions of men who seem attractive to them, in order to lure them to that which is false and to lead them far astray from the Straight Path, and then he abandons them to their fate.

Can’t obey Rules in the Haram/ Forbidden things / Sins; “Let those who oppose his (the Messenger’s) commandment (orders, statements, etc.) beware, lest some Fitnah (disbelief, affliction) befall them or a painful torment be inflicted on them.” (24:63) Do you know what the Fitnah is? Al-Fitnah is Shirk. May be the rejection of some of his words would cause one to have doubt and deviation in his heart and thereby be destroyed.

It is narrated from Adi bin Hatim (May Allah be pleased with him) : I heard the Prophet (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) read this verse: “They (Jews and Christians) took their rabbis and their monks to be their lords besides Allah, and Messiah -son of Maryam, while they were commanded to worship none but One Ilah (God Allah) La ilaha illa Huwa (none has the right to be worshipped but He). Praise and glory be to Him, (far above is He) from having the partners they associate (with Him)”. (9:31) So I said to him (May Allah be pleased with him)’ “Verily, we did not worship them,” to which he replied, “Did they not make Haram (Forbidden) what Allah made Halal (Permissible) so you then made it Haram, and (did they not) make Halal what Allah made Haram and you therefore made it Halal?” I said, “Yes.” He said, “That is worshipping them.” [Reported by Ahmad and At- Tirmidhi who graded it as Hasan (fair).]

#Rulers; #Legislation; #Islam; #permissible (halal ) and Impermissible actions;